7. Aims of newspaper articles and emotive prose are very different.

The main aim of a newspaper article is to inform the public about current events, political developments, economic trends, or social issues. Its language is expected to be neutral, clear, and concise. According to David Crystal (The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2003), journalistic style uses “short, simple sentences and facts, avoiding strong emotional coloring.”

On the other hand, the aim of emotive prose is aesthetic and emotional. It uses imagery, metaphor, irony, and symbolism to create mood and convey personal or fictional experiences. As Katie Wales writes in A Dictionary of Stylistics (2014), emotive prose “stimulates the reader’s imagination and emotional engagement rather than providing information alone.”

Examples

• Newspaper article: “Inflation rose by 2.4% in May, marking a slight increase over April’s figure, according to the latest government data.” → Neutral, fact-based, concise.

• Emotive prose: From Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway: “She felt very young; at the same time unspeakably aged. She sliced like a knife through everything; at the same time was outside, looking on.” → Emotional, poetic, introspective.

8. Ellipsis, gap-sentence link, suspense and break-in-the-narrative have peculiar formal connection of elements.

According to I.R. Galperin (Stylistics, 1977), these constructions “create a peculiar formal connection between sentence elements,” often enhancing expressiveness, drama, or narrative flow.

1. Ellipsis Omission of a word or phrase that is implied by the context. → Example: “He took his coat and I — my scarf.” (verb “took” is omitted). This device creates brevity and sometimes a dramatic effect.

2. Gap-Sentence Link A type of sentence where the connection between parts is made through meaning rather than grammar. → Example: “She was late again. No surprise.” The second sentence refers to the first implicitly, not grammatically.

3. Suspense Delaying the most important part of the sentence until the end to create tension or emphasis. → Example: “If only he had waited, if only he had listened—he would still be alive.”

4. Break-in-the-Narrative An abrupt stop in the sentence structure, often replaced with a dash, showing emotion, interruption, or incompleteness. → Example: “I was going to tell you, but—” Used to reflect realistic speech or emotional tension.

Though different in function, these devices share a formal similarity: they connect ideas or parts of the sentence without full grammatical structure. Instead, they rely on context, pause, or sequencing, making the language more vivid, emotional, and expressive, especially in fiction and spoken discourse.

9. Repetition and parallel construction often occur simultaneously.

Repetition and parallelism often function together because both rely on structural balance and recurrence. When a writer repeats similar sentence patterns or identical grammatical forms, the result is both repetitive and parallel. This combination strengthens the message, enhances memorability, and often adds rhythmic or persuasive power, especially in rhetoric, speeches, and literary prose.