How They Are Different

1. Form

   • Drama is written as a script, with lines for each character. It is meant to be acted out.

   • Emotive prose is written as a story, often with a narrator and descriptions.

2. How We Experience Them

   • Drama is usually watched as a play or movie.

   • Emotive prose is usually read in a book.

3. Language Style

   • Drama uses short, clear dialogue to show action quickly.

   • Emotive prose uses detailed, emotional language to describe thoughts and feelings.

2. Oratorical is distinguished from other substyles of publicistics by a number of features.

The oratorical substyle is a spoken form of publicistic style, used in speeches and addresses. It creates direct contact with the audience through voice, emotion, and rhetorical devices like repetition and rhetorical questions. Its language is formal, expressive, and meant to inspire or persuade. Unlike written publicistic texts, such as articles or essays, it is less analytical and more emotional and performative. The main goal is not just to inform, but to move and influence listeners.

Examples of Oratorical Style

1. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” Speech (1963)

   • Uses repetition: “I have a dream…”

   • Emotional language and imagery: “Let freedom ring…”

   • Appeals to moral values and unity.

2. Winston Churchill’s wartime speeches

   • Example: “We shall fight on the beaches…”

   • Strong, confident tone; meant to inspire national courage.

3. Barack Obama’s inaugural address (2009)

   • Formal, respectful, with calls to unity and hope: “Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less.”

3. English poetry has a set of characteristics.

English poetry is known for several key features. One of the most important is meter—a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. A famous example is iambic pentameter, which was often used by William Shakespeare. Another common feature is rhyme, especially end rhyme, where the last words of lines sound alike in a specific pattern (such as ABAB or AABB).

Poets also use figurative language, including metaphors, similes, personification, and symbolism, to create vivid imagery and emotional impact. In addition, poetry often uses concise and expressive language, allowing readers to interpret multiple meanings. Finally, many English poems reflect deep emotion or personal reflection.

Freedom in size. Unlike Russian versification, where it is important to adhere to the same rhythm and size, in English you can create different variations, change the rhythm along the way, deviate from the norm.

Hypermetria and hypometria. In the first case, there are extra syllables in the foot, and in the second case, there are not enough syllables necessary for the size.

Tonic versification. Each line has the same number of stressed syllables, and the number of unstressed ones can be free.

An unusual rhyme. English is an analytical language, it has fewer suffixes and endings than Russian, so there are fewer rhyming words. There are a finite number of rhymes for many words, which have long been tried out by poets.

Visual rhymes. They look similar, but they don't rhyme when pronounced. This is a tribute to tradition: previously, such words rhymed and were often found in poems.

Examples

• In Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, we see both iambic pentameter and rhyme: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate.”

• William Blake’s The Tyger shows strong imagery and symbolism: “Tyger Tyger, burning bright, / In the forests of the night…”

These examples show how meter, rhyme, and imagery are central to English poetry.