3. 1. The inclusion of other elements |
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is subjected to large amount of strain. |
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affects the properties of the steel. |
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2. |
The amount of carbon in steel |
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2.Steel is an allow of iron and carbon. |
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influences its properties considerably. |
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3. |
Cold working makes the metal harder |
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3.Cold working hardens metal to make |
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and stronger, but some metals have a |
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the part stronger. |
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limit to the strain. |
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4.Extrusion is pushing the billet to flow |
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4. |
Recrystallization is the growth of |
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through the orifice of a die. |
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new strain-free grains. |
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Variant 3 |
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4. |
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1. 1-d, 2-e, 3-b, 4-a, 5-c |
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1. |
Extrusion is pushing the billet to flow |
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2. 1-c, 2-e, 3-d, 4-a, 5-b |
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through the orifice of a die. |
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3. 1.High-carbon steels are hard and |
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2. |
The inclusion of other elements |
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brittle and are used in cutting tools. |
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affects the properties of the steel. |
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2.Tool |
steel |
is |
strengthened |
and |
3. |
Metals are important in industry |
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toughened by quenching and tempering |
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because they can be easily deformed |
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3.Rolling is the most common |
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into the useful shapes. |
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metalworking process. |
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4. |
Steel is strong and tough, but |
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4.Metals |
can |
be |
easily deformed |
into |
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corrodes easily. |
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useful shapes.
Equipment instruments and machine-tools.
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Variant 1 |
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1 Match English word combinations. |
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1. |
fragile |
a) |
teeth |
2. |
gear |
b) |
metal |
3. |
tool |
c) |
wheel |
4. |
abrasive |
d) |
materials |
5. |
forge |
e) |
holder |
2 Complete the sentences.
1.The … is composed of many small grains of ….
2.When metal is … the … is called ….
3.The … is the largest of the … machine tools.
4.… produces parts of circular cross-section by turning the … on its … and cutting its surface with a … stationary….
sharp, wheel, lathe, welding, planner, abrasive, reciprocating, workpiece, axis, process, tool, welded.
168
3Make up sentences
1.advantages, all, that, with, have, of, tools, equipped, NC, machine, a, are, systems, lot.
2.tools, are, about, kinds, there, machine, 500, of.
3.control, modern, are, under, often, numerical, lathes.
4.specifications, can, they, to, hole, some, according, drill, a.
4Translate into English.
1.Шлифовальному станку требуется точная регулировка шлифовального диска.
2.Резец может двигаться как вдоль станины, так и под прямым углом к ней.
3.Сверлильные станки отличаются по размеру и функциям.
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Variant 2 |
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1 Match English word combinations. |
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1. |
remove |
a) |
edge |
2. |
versatile |
b) |
machine |
3. |
drilling |
c) |
metal |
4. |
cutting |
d) |
motor |
5. |
electric |
e) |
machine tool |
2 Complete the sentences.
1. The … may be moved … to produce a … part and moved towards the workpiece to control the … of cut.
2.The … to be shaped is called the ….
3.Machine tools with … drive are faster and more … than … tools. 4.If we … metal the … is called ….
tool, material, electrical, workpiece, process, accurate, cast, hand, sideways, casting, depth, cylindrical.
3.Make up sentences
1.flat, is, the, used, shaper, to, mainly, different, produce, surfaces.
2.accuracy, flat, be, may, contoured, machined, surfaces, with, finish, excellent, and.
3.to, other, materials, metals, and, machine-tools, used, are, shape.
4.tools, metal-cutting, machine, from, the, remove, material, workpiece, some.
169
4Translate into English.
1.Расточка –это процесс, который увеличивает ранее просверленные отверстия.
2.Многоцелевые станки выполняют несколько видов задач.
3.Токарный станок позволяет производить детали круглого сечения.
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Variant 3 |
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1. Match English word combinations. |
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1. |
hand |
a) |
surfaces |
2. |
milling |
b) |
finish |
3. |
excellent |
c) |
tool |
4. |
numerical |
d) |
machine |
5. |
flat |
e) |
control |
2. Complete the sentences.
1. The table has three possible …: longitudinal, … and …
2.If we … metal the … is called ….
3.Angles, …, gear … and cuts can be made by using various … of cutters.
4.… is a process that … holes previously ….
slots, process, shapes, roll, drilled, movements, vertical, boring, rolling, teeth, enlarges, horizontal.
3.Make up sentences.
1.tasks, centers, carry, of, kinds, machining, out, several.
2.wheel, by, grinders, metal, a, abrasive, remove, rotating.
3.products, nowadays, tools, role, manufacture, of, an, the, almost, metal, all, machine, play, important, in.
4.are, the, machines, metal-cutting, of, examples, lathes.
4 . Translate into English.
1.Все современные токарные станки оборудованы электроприводами.
2.Фреза фрезерного станка – это круглое приспособление с режущими остриями на своей окружности.
3.Если мы вращаем металл, то процесс называется вращением.
170
Keys (Ответы)
Variant 1
1. 1-d, 2-a, 3-e, 4-c,5-b |
4. 1. The grinding machine requires fine |
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2. |
1.Wheel, abrasive |
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wheel regulation. |
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2.Welded, process, welding |
2. The cutter can be moved both along the |
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3.Planner, reciprocating |
lathe bed and at right angle to it. |
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4.Lathe, workpiece, axis, sharp, tool |
3. Drilling machines are different in size |
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3. 1.All machine tools that are equipped with |
and function. |
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an NC systems have a lot of advantages. |
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2.There are about 500 kinds of machine tools. |
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3.Modern lathes are under numerical control. |
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4.They can drill a hole according to some |
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specification. |
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Variant 2 |
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1. |
1-c,2-e, 3-b, 4-a, 5-d |
4. 1. Boring is a process that enlarges holes |
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2. |
1.tool, sideways, cylindrical, depth |
previously drilled. |
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2. Machines centers carry out several kinds |
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2.material, workpiece |
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of tasks. |
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3.electrical, accurate, hand, |
3. Lathe produces parts of circular cross- |
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4.cast, process, casting, |
section. |
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3. 1.The shaper is used mainly to produce |
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different flat surfaces. |
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2.Flat and contoured surfaces may be |
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machined with excellent finish and accuracy. |
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3.Machine tools are used to shape metals and |
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other materials. |
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4.Metal-cutting machine tools remove some |
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material from the workpiece. |
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Variant 3 |
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1. |
1-c,2-d, 3-b, 4-e, 5-a |
4. 1 .All modern lathes are power-electrically |
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driven. |
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2. |
1.movements, horizontal, vertical |
2.In a milling machine the cutter is a circular |
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2.roll, process, rolling |
device with a series of cutting edges on its |
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3.slots, teeth, shapes |
circumference. |
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4.boring, enlarges, drilled |
3.If we roll metal the process is called a |
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3. 1.Machining centers carry out several kinds |
rolling. |
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of tasks.
2.Grinders remove metal by a rotating abrasive wheel.
3.Nowadays machine tools play an important role in the manufacture of almost all metal products.
4.The examples of the metal cutting machines are lathes.
171