Учебно-методический комплекс по учебной дисциплине Иностранный язык (английский) для специальности 1-96 01 01 Таможенное дело специализации 1-96 01 01 02 Экономическое обеспечение таможенной деятельности

eg. She told us about her recent trip to Amsterdam. (she is now back)

A journey is usually for travel overland and often suggests a relatively long distance. There is no idea of a return contained in the word and no idea of a stay:

eg. Ah! You've arrived! Did you have a good journey?

A voyage usually refers to water transport: eg. The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.

A tour is a trip during which many places are visited:

eg. In Rome they went on a city tour and saw most of the cities. It can also refer to the inspection of a smaller area:

eg. We went on a tour of the factory.

Complete the sentences using travel, trip, journey, voyage, tour.

1.The goods must have been damaged during the ––––––; the weather was particularly bad in the Bay of Biscay.

2.Before your interview, Mrs.Could will take you on a –––––– of the

site.

3.All reasonable –––––– and accommodation expenses will be paid.

4.When we stayed in London we went on a day –––––– to Cambridge.

5.The flight was OK but the tube –––––– was awful; we were packed like sardines and I had to stand all the way.

6.Business people are now often rewarded with incentive ––––––; a holiday in Thailand, a Mediterranean cruise and that sort of thing.

Supplementary exercises

Exercise 1. Underline the correct words in italics. Check any unknown words in a dictionary.

1. Machines, especially large ones, are called equipment / machinery; all the tools, machines and clothes, etc that you need for a particular lob are called equipment / machinery

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2.A series of actions that have a particular result is a process / procedure; a way of doing something, especially the correct or usual way, is a process / procedure.

3.Useless materials and parts that are left after a process is finished are called pollution / waste; damage caused to the environment by harmful chemicals is called pollution / waste.

4.Money that a person or company owes is debt / liability. The word debts / liabilities, when used in the plural and in a formal context, has the same meaning – but it can also have a wider meaning of "legal responsibilities".

5.The word owner /proprietor means that you legally have something

–anything. The word owner / proprietor means that you have a business (and is more formal).

6.If you and your business partners all have the same risks at the same time, then you divide/ share the risks. If you separate the risks into smaller parts or different categories, then you divide/ share them (=split them).

7.A shareholder / stakeholder / stockholder is someone who owns part of a business, in British English. A shareholder / stakeholder / stockholder is the same in American English. A shareholder / stakeholder / stockholder is anyone who has an interest in the success of plan, system or organization.

8.If you are a shareholder in a company, then every year you receive an income / a profit / a dividend paid out of the company's income / profits / dividends.

9.So it looks like this solution works well for you. Shall we go in front / go ahead?

10.We can have it up and running / up and going within a week.

11.I don't want to knock / critic the competition, but this is a much better product.

12.This is the actual / latest model.

13.You're lucky – it's for sale / on sale this month. We're running a special promotion.

14.Yes, the one in the shop window is for sale / on sale – you can

buy it.

15.In the week before Christmas we usually see very high sales volumes / quantities.

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16.North America counts for / accounts for 30% of our worldwide

sales.

17.A prompt / proper payment discount is given to help with cash

flow.

18.A quantity discount encourages a larger purchase – any economies of volume / scale can be passed over / passed on to the final customer.

19.Trade discounts are for partners in the distribution channel / canal.

20.Seasonal discounts are given during slack / loose periods of the year, or during the February promotions / sales.

21.A candidate / An applicant has simply asked for a job (eg. by sending a CV); a candidate / an applicant is being actively considered for a job by the company.

22.A classified ad / display ad is a short piece of text; a classified ad / display ad has a box around it and can have artwork.

23.If you outline / highlight a point, you make people notice it and think about it; if you outline / highlight a point, you describe the main ideas.

24.The words "legal" and "stationary" are very similar, but legal / stationary is more formal.

25.The words "laws" and "legislation" are very similar, but laws / legislation is more formal.

26.The words "rules" and "regulations" are very similar, but rules / regulations is more formal.

27.If you say you aren't satisfied, you make a claim / complaint. If you make a demand for something that you have a right to receive, you make a claim / complaint.

28.An incident / accident is just something that happens, whereas an incident / accident is a sudden event in which someone is hurt.

29.Good morning, ICT. Teresa speaking. Can I help you? / How can I help you?

30.I want to speak / I'd like to speak to someone in your market research department.

31.Please can I have your name? / Can I please have your name? / Can I have your name, please?

32.I'm / It's Monika Weber.

33.OK, please hold / wait in line while I try to connect you.

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34.Gianfranco speaking / I'm Gianfranco.

35.I'm calling to know / ask a few questions of / about your market research services.

36.Of course, Monica. How can / would I help?

Exercise 2. Underline the correct words in italics in this extract from an internal presentation.

This next chart shows sales for our two main product lines, the Micro range and the Neka range. 1 Mark / Notice the scale on the vertical 2 axis

/axle – it shows the number of units / unities sold in thousands per month.

I'd like to draw / make your attention firstly to the black line, which shows sales of the Micro range. You can see how last year sales 5 rose / have risen 6 steady / steadily all through the year. Since the beginning of this year they 7 continued / have continued to rise, 8 although / in spite of at a slower pace.

On balance, these results are good – 9 steady / steadily 10 grow / growth is what we like to see. This generally positive picture is 11 due to

/due from the performance and reliability of the Micro range, and the fact that our competitors have been slow to respond. 12 Even so / Even though, we cannot be complacent. We have to build on this success going forward, and I want our sales teams to really focus 13 about / on the micro range 14 over / from the next few months.

I'm going to set an ambitious target – to take sales of Micro products from their current level of 30,000 per month 15 to / until a 16 figure / number of 35,000 by the end of the year.

OK, now let's 17 look at / look to the purple line on the chart, which shows sales of the Neka range. As you know, we launched this range in December of last year, and sales 18 took off / we taking off immediately. For the first few months things 19 were really looking good / had really looked good. We were expecting this because we 20 were doing / had done a lot of market research before the launch. 21 However / Whereas, for no obvious reason, there 22 was / has been a 23 sudden / suddenly 24 drop / reduce in sales in recent weeks. The question is this: can we find out the 25 motives / reasons and what can we do 26 about / for it?

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In a moment I'm going to open up the discussion and ask for your 27 comments / commentaries. But the implications are clear: it's 28 high / highly 29 chance / likely that we won't meet our target of 25,000 30 by / for the end of the year.

Exercise 3. Underline the alternatives in italics that you think is more typical of a business report.

1.We've made considerable / fantastic progress, and quality levels will / are expected to return to normal within a few weeks.

2.Sales tend to / nearly always drop a little over the summer period, although this probably won't be / might not be the case this year if we continue the marketing campaign.

3.Very soon / At the earliest possible opportunity we will need to have a meeting to plan the production / a production planning meeting.

4.His performance over recent months has been bad / quite poor, and it may be / will be necessary to review his employment with us.

5.There is a really / relatively high risk of failure with this project unless we invest more money / financial resources at this early stage.

6.It is possible that / May be the survey is not very accurate as we only got / obtained a response rate of 25% to our questionnaire.

7.A loss of jobs is / is likely to be one of the consequences / things that will happen if the process is automated.

8.Today everyone is / many people are looking at teleworking as an option, but it leads to / typically leads to a sense of isolation.

9.Some suggestions arising from / that come to my mind from these results are given in a list / presented below.

10.We carried out lots of / numerous tests in our technical department and the results have been pretty good / encouraging.

Exercise 4. Complete the report extract by underlining the correct words in italics. Sometimes the choice is based simply on style or usage.

Auto Corporation

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Introduction

1 Hans Oberlander, CEO of the Auto Corporation, asked me to write this report / This report was commissioned by Hans Oberlander, CEO of the Auto Corporation. The 2 aim / scope of the report is to make a long term forecast of trends in the market for oil / oil market, and to analyze how the future price of oil will impact the automobile industry. 4 In particular / Especially, the report will look at our own company, the Auto Corporation, and whether we are positioned to meet future challenges in the marketplace.

Oil market

The price of oil has been increasing 5 steady / steadily since around 2005. this has been driven by factors on both the supply side and the demand side. On the supply side, total world oil production has now peaked, with no 6 significant / significantly new discoveries on the horizon. 7 Talking about demand / On the demand side, the growth of economies such as China and India has meant a huge increase in the consumption of oil.

Our 8 research shows / researches show that these trends 9 will / are likely to continue, and that oil prices will remain high for the foreseeable future. This will inevitably have 10 a force / an impact on the auto industry, with high fuel prices causing customers to turn to models with lower running costs, 11 such like / such as electric cars.

Fuel efficient engines

At Auto Corporation we currently manufacture two hybrid electric vehicles that combine a conventional gasoline engine with an on-board rechargeable electric battery.

Sales of this models have been 12 disappointing / terrible, and for this report we asked an independent 13 company that does market research / market research company to 14 carry on / carry out a survey to discover the reasons why. The survey showed the following areas of 15 anxiety / concern on the part of potential customers:

The relatively high initial price of hybrid cars – 16 typically / typical a hybrid car pays for itself in terms of lower fuel costs after about three years.

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The fact that hybrid cars 17 are unable to go very fast / go very slowly. The additional size and weight of the battery pack means that the conventional engine has to be smaller.

The added risk in an accident that the driver, passengers and rescue workers will get electrocuted by the high voltage in the car.

Conclusions

In the light of the above 18 foundings / findings, we reached the 19 next / following conclusions:

Customers will 20 increasingly / more and more want fuelefficient models, including electric cars, due to continuing high oil prices.

Government legislation on reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by automobiles will also drive the 21 trend / tendency away from conventional engines.

Auto Corporation has been slow to respond to the challenges ahead, 22 because / due to customer resistance to the current generation of electric vehicles.

Recommendations

There are two 23 main / most important recommendations we would like to make:

The Board of Auto Corporation needs to take a longer-term view of the market, 24 paying more attention to / thinking about the price of oil in its strategic decisions.

Auto Corporation needs to invest considerably more 25 money / financial resources in R$D to develop a new generation of safe, inexpensive and reliable electric batteries.

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SUPPLEMENTS

SUPPLEMENT 1

Differences between American English and British English

1. American and British English are both variants of World English. Speakers of American English and speakers of British English have no trouble understanding each other. But there are some differences. The differences are small and do not interfere with communication. The table below shows some differences in the usage of common vocabulary.