Учебно-методический комплекс по учебной дисциплине Иностранный язык (английский) для специальности 1-96 01 01 Таможенное дело специализации 1-96 01 01 02 Экономическое обеспечение таможенной деятельности

any agencies like that. Anyway, I 7 –––––– (wait) until no-one 8 ––––––

(listen) and then I 9 –––––– (call) them. I'm sure they 10 –––––– (wait) for my call because they were immediately very friendly. They said they 11 –––––– (already/find out) a lot about me by doing a Google search on my name, and that they 12 –––––– (want) to have a meeting with me.

Exercise 10. Use the past simple, the past perfect or the past perfect continuous to complete this passage about a particularly tiring day at work.

A

Last Monday morning at 9.30, after I 1(deal with) the mail, I 2(go) to a finance meeting but our accountant 3(not prepare) the relevant figures so that 4(be) a waste of time. Then I 5(see) Polly. Apparently, she 6(ask) to see me all week about a personal problem. I 7(spend) an hour with her. She said she 8(see) the Personnel Manager already but he 9(tell) her to see me! She explained that she 10(have) a lot of trouble with Mr. Harris who apparently treats her unfairly. After that I 11(see) three customers, one of whom 12(say) he 13(not receive) an order and I 14(have to) investigate that. I 15(find out) that the dispatch department 16(not send) it off. A "computer error". Then I 17(go) to a planning meeting. Sales 18(be) a lot worse than we 19(forecast) probably because our competitors 20(launch) a very similar product just three months prior to our own. And so it went on. I 21(leave) the office at 7.00 physically and mentally worn out. And when I 22(get) home I suddenly 23(realize) that I 24(not eat) all day.

B

This passage is about a success story in an area of Britain particularly affected by high unemployment. Use these verbs and decide whether to use the past simple, past perfect or past perfect continuous in each case.

In 2002 Ironworks 1 –––––– its huge steel plant in the industrial heart of the North East. This 2 ––––– not an isolated moment of disaster for the region as jobs 3 ––––– since the mid-90s, but 4 ––––– a major blow

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to the local economy and by 2004 over a quarter of the town's men and women 5 –––– their jobs.

It 6 ––––– into this economic climate that Phillipa Miles and Tony Peters came with the firm conviction that there 7 ––––– a gap in the slimming foods market waiting to be filled. Peters 8 ––––– years in marketing with a food manufacturer, Miles 9 ––––– a successful career in international advertising. The financiers 10 ––––– The local Industrial Development Agency which 11 ––––– set up to help to create businesses in the area also 12 ––––– the project. Immediately 350 jobs for redundant iron workers 13 ––––– available in the manufacture of low calorie foods and drinks. Originally aiming for a turnover of £1.5m, that figure has grown to more than 10 times that amount, with a phenomenal growth of 35% a year. By 2005, Peters 14 ––––– a large slice of the slimming foods market in the UK. And in 2007 they 15 ––––– a new product line – low calories crisps and snacks. These products really hit the market after Peters and Miles 16 ––––– forces with Robert James, Managing Director of the Northern Brewery. As a result of this partnership they now have access to the vast £2.5 billion-a-year pub food market and their slimming snacks may well turn out to be a feast.

1.3. Future Forms

Exercise 1. Underline the two possible time words in italics.

1.Our local representative will contact you when / until / as soon as you arrive.

2.Don’t make a decision before / until / while you’ve read the contract.

3.Laura will supervise the work while / when / after I’m away.

4.Before / When / As soon as you arrive tomorrow, I’ll give you a copy of the report.

5.We’ll visit the production unit during / as soon as / when we have

time.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct form of the verb.

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1.We give you / We’ll give you an extra discount on any repeat

order.

2.The President is to inaugurate / ’ll inaugurate the new center on

February 11.

3."Why have you started packing your suitcase?" – I’ll take / I’m going to take the first plane back, that’s why.

4."I’ve just realized I can’t be free any other day except Wednesday. And as you’ve got another appointment then we can’t see each other until next month." – "No, Wednesday is OK, I’ll cancel / I’m going to cancel it".

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the future simple tense: a) permit, be, have, employ, do; b) make, check, motivate, give, influence, make. Mind the use of the active or passive voice.

A 1. Our generalization … more useful if it can be quantified.

2.Our generalization … economists to predict the size of the tax cut which will be required to increase incomes.

3.Different characteristics of forms of ownership … implications for the operation of the firm.

4.The strategic decisions determine the areas in which the company’s resources …

5.Strategy formulation and implementation deal with how one … business both in general and very specific terms.

B 6. The general manager … decisions that subordinates cannot make.

7.Many managers believe workers … to achieve organizational goals by satisfying their fundamental needs for material survival.

8.Every now and then he … to see whether or not the ship is on course.

9.The interest rate … by the interest rate which is quoted from time to time by the bank of England.

10.A rise in the interest rate … borrowing more expensive and saving more attractive.

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11. Banks … normally statements to both deposit and current account holders about once every three months.

Exercise 4. The following dialogue is a discussion between two people about pricing. For 1–10 use the correct form of the verb in brackets. For 11–15 use words of your own choice.

A:…Yes I see, but if we cut our prices then they 1 (be) cheaper than the competition and if our prices are cheaper, we 2 (sell) more and we'll have a greater share of the market.

B:Perhaps, but if you 3 (reduce) your prices, your competitors will do the same and you 4 (not have) a greater market share at all. If all the companies making computer software like yours cut their prices, everybody's profit margins 5 (go down). There's another thing. If you work to lower profit margins, then your shareholders 6 (not be) pleased because if you 7 (make) less profit, you'll have to reduce the final dividend. And if shareholders don't get a return on their capital, they 8 (not invest). And if they don't invest you 9 (not have) a company at all!

A:OK, we can raise prices.

B:Possibly, but if you put your prices up, you 10 (price) yourselves out of the market. And if your competitors’ prices are lower than yours, then you 11 ––––– anything. And if you don't sell anything, you 12 ––––

––out of a job!

A:So we have got to make a decision. If we wait to see how the market reacts it 13 –––––– too late. We have to lead the market.

B:Why don't you see Antonio tomorrow! Ask him if he thinks you can keep prices at their present levels. If he 14 –––––– "No" then I 15 ––

–––– him myself.

The Passive

Exercise 1. Complete each sentence with a verb in the passive form.

1.We will launch our new range next summer. Our new range –––––– next summer.

2.They have not tested the new medicine yet. The new medicine –––––– yet.

3.They designed this new sports car in Japan.

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This new sports car –––––– in Japan.

4.We cannot ship the goods until they receive payment. The goods –––––– until we receive payment.

5.We are redesigning our website.

Our website ––––––.

6. Millions of people use our toiletries every day.

Our toiletries –––––– by millions of people every day.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. The new office furniture –––––– (deliver) yesterday. 2. There wouldn’t be so many complaints all the time if the goods –––––– (pack) more carefully. 3. All our documents –––––– (translate) into Spanish and English, and this always makes our work easier. 4. If the machine breaks down again, our new chocolates –––––– (not / produce) in time.

Exercise 3. Rewrite these sentences using a passive form to avoid "I", "you", and "we".

1.We can use the same strategy for other products in the range.

2.In section 2.4 I will consider the environmental impact of these changes.

3.You can only do this after the machines have been serviced.

4.I should emphasize that these results are only provisional.

Infinitive / The -ing form

Exercise 1. Match these sentence halves.

Exercise 6. Choose the most appropriate form of the verb from the brackets to complete these sentences.

1.Не stopped (working / to work) on the project after three months because of ill-health.

2.She was driving in a hurry but she stopped (answering / to answer) her mobile phone.

3.Did you remember (calling / to call) the customer yesterday?

4.I can't remember (offering / to offer) you a replacement.

5.The sales assistant forgot (giving / to give) the customer a discount.

6.The customer forgot (completing / to complete) the five-year guarantee form.

Exercise 7. Change the form of the verb in brackets.

A

Thank you for your inquiry and I apologise for 1 (not reply) earlier. We are pleased to inform you that some of the articles you wish 2

(purchase) are in stock. However, some items are at present

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unobtainable. If you do not mind 3 (wait) we will endeavour 4 (obtain) them from other sources.

I advise you 5 (order) rapidly as these articles are extremely popular and we expect 6 (sell) most of them within a week. If you decide 7 (order) please let me know.

B

Re the proposed modification to the Airlite Cloth Cutter, I had hoped 1 (improve) the machine's precision but it appears to be rather difficult from a technical point of view and would involve 2 (spend) quite a lot of money. I personally feel it is worth 3 (make) the changes and I am sure we can afford 4 (spend) a little more on the design. What do you think?

Alister

PS. I almost forgot 5 (contact) Mrs Smith from SNTC. She says they have stopped 6 (produce) the Vacubrite equipment so it's no good 7 (place) an order with them. She suggested 8 (get) in touch with Ugalima Pty and seems 9 (think) they are of the right quality. Why don't you try 10 (give) them a ring?

Participles

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use a present or past participle.

1.Current assets include cash within an … cycle. (operate)

2.The persons … accounting reports are termed the users of accounting information. (receive)

3.The standards … in the preparation of an accounting report must relate to the information needs of the users. (employ)

4.The prospective customers include both individuals … for themselves and organizations. (buy)

5.… the market consumers, the firm must take steps to satisfy their needs. (have/select)

6.The mass media … include magazines, direct mail, radio, television, newspapers, etc. (use)

7.Strategic decisions, … by the board of directors, are concerned with the deposition of resources. (make)

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8. Employees are happier in a workplace … by managers who enjoy themselves, their work, and their employees. (run)

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with present or past participles formed from these verbs: a) design, exist, own, operate, affect, call, make; b) sail, involve, face, take, transmit, become, decline, aim.

A 1. Economists continuously check … principles and theories against the changing economic environment.

2.The creation of specific policies … to achieve the broad economic goals of our society is not a simple matter.

3.A sole proprietorship is a business … and usually … by a single individual.

4.Strategic decisions … by the board of directors are concerned with the disposition of resources.

5.Some corporations, usually … "growth companies" prefer to invest most of their profits in research and expansion.

6.The general manager makes decisions … company welfare.

B 7. Many managers encounter a mental block when … an interview.

8.It is a bit like the captain of a liner … across the Atlantic to New

York.

9.The manager has to keep these targets in mind when he is … in the decision-making process.

10.Modern information technology had led to news … world-wide quicker than even before.

11.Some fiscal policy tools work automatically without action … by the president or Congress.

12.The progressive income tax tends to reduce the collection of revenue when personal and business incomes are …

13.Inflation soared into the double-digits in the late 1970s, … the main economic concern in the United States.

14.When … at buyers who are mainly housewives, this company was successful.

Conditionals

Exercise 1. Match up the parts of the sentence.

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1. If I lost my job,

a)we'd both benefit.

b)I'd have a lot of problems getting another one.

c)you'd be more aware of what people really felt.

d)we wouldn't be so behind technologically.

2. If I were in your position,

a)I'd resign rather than wait to be sacked.

b)I'd have a lot of problems getting another one.

c)you'd be more aware of what people really felt.

d)we wouldn't be so behind technologically.

3. If I spoke Japanese as well as you do,

a) I'd resign rather than wait to be sacked.

b) I'd try to find a job with one of the Japanese banks. c) we'd both benefit.

d) we wouldn't be so behind technologically.

4. If we spent more on Research and Development, a) I'd resign rather than wait to be sacked.

b) I'd have a lot of problems getting another one.

c) I'd try to find a job with one of the Japanese banks. d) we wouldn't be so behind technologically.

5. If you spoke less and listened more,

a) I'd resign rather than wait to be sacked.

b) I'd have a lot of problems getting another one.

c) I'd try to find a job with one of the Japanese banks. d) you'd be more aware of what people really felt.

6. If you spent more time on your own problems and a bit less on mine,

a)I'd resign rather than wait to be sacked.

b)I'd have a lot of problems getting another one.

c)we'd both benefit.

d)I'd try to find a job with one of the Japanese banks.

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