Учебно-методический комплекс по учебной дисциплине Иностранный язык (английский) для специальности 1-96 01 01 Таможенное дело специализации 1-96 01 01 02 Экономическое обеспечение таможенной деятельности

УДК 811.111.81'36 (075.8)

ББК 81.2Англ я7 В31

Рецензенты:

канд. филол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иностранных языков № 1 БГУИР С.И. Лягушевич; канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры общей и дошкольной педагогики БГПУ Н.С. Самсонова

Веремейчик, О.В.

В31 English Grammar. Business Context. Грамматика английского языка. Деловой контекст: пособие для студентов вузов / О.В. Веремейчик. – Минск: БНТУ, 2010. – 104 с.

ISBN 978-985-525-

Пособие содержит тренировочные упражнения по курсу грамматики современного английского языка. Цель пособия – закрепление активного владения грамматическими конструкциями, необходимыми в устной и письменной речи.

Предназначено для студентов всех экономических специальностей дневной, вечерней и заочной формы обучения, а также для широкого круга лиц, самостоятельно изучающих деловой английский язык. Может быть использовано в качестве дополнительного материала на интенсивных курсах.

УДК 811.111.81'36 (075.8)

ББК 81.2Англ я7

CONTENTS

ВВЕДЕНИЕ………………………………………………………….5

PART 1. GRAMMAR EXERCISES………………………………...6 Tenses

1.1.Present Forms……………………………………………………6

1.2.Past Forms……………………………………………………….8

1.3.Future Forms………………………….......................................13 The Passive………………………………………………………….15 Infinitive / The -ing form……………………...................................16 Participles……………………………...............................................19 Conditionals……………………………...........................................20 Modal Verbs……………………………...........................................26 Nouns……………………………………………………………….31 Articles………………………………...............................................33 Adjectives / Adverbs………………………………………………..37 Word Formation…………………………………………………….39 Quantifiers…………………………………………………………..43 Prepositions…………………………………………………………46 Text Connectors…………………………………………………….53 Supplementary exercises……………………………………………60 PART 2. DIFFICULT WORDS…………………………………….67

2.1.Bargain vs Bargaining vs Rebate vs Reduction vs

Refund vs Discount………………....................................................67

2.2.Borrow vs Lend vs Loan vs Overdraft…………………………68

2.3.Bull vs Bear vs Stag……………………………………………69

2.4.Earnings vs Income vs Revenue vs Expenses vs Profit.……….70

2.5Effective vs Efficient……………………………………………72

2.6.Economy vs Economics vs Economic vs Economical vs

Economize…………………………………………………………..73

2.7.Hire vs Rent vs Let vs Lease vs Charter……………………….74

2.8.Offer vs Suggest vs Propose……………………………………76

2.9.Politics vs Policy……………………………………………….77

2.10.Price vs Rate vs Charge vs Fee vs Commission………………78

2.11.Salary vs Wages vs Perks……………………………………..81

2.12.Travel vs Trip vs Journey vs Voyage vs Tour………………..81

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Supplementary exercises ……………………...................................82 SOURCES OF REFERENCE ……………………………………...89 SUPPLEMENTS……………………………………………………91 Supplement 1………………………………………………………..91 Supplement 2………………………………………………………..97 Supplement 3………………………………………………………..99

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ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Учебное пособие "English Grammar (Business Context)" имеет своей целью развитие и совершенствование грамматических навыков и представляет собой комплекс тренировочных упражнений по различным аспектам современной грамматики английского языка.

Пособие состоит из двух частей. Первая часть представлена упражнениями, количество которых по каждой теме определяется как объемом самой темы, так и степенью трудности ее усвоения обучаемыми. Материалом для упражнений служат предложения и связанные отрывки, взятые из аутентичной деловой и экономической литературы и отобранные таким образом, чтобы, с одной стороны, тренировать и закреплять то или иное грамматическое правило, а с другой – расширять и пополнять лексический запас в сфере бизнеса, служить образцом хорошего делового английского языка.

Материал упражнений имеет познавательную ценность в страноведческом плане: обучаемые узнают, как принято вести себя и говорить в определенных ситуациях, когда находишься среди деловых людей, говорящих по-английски.

Вторая часть пособия содержит общеупотребительные слова в сфере бизнеса, которые имеют схожее лексическое значение и часто с трудом разграничиваются в деловом контексте. Слова расположены в алфавитном порядке с краткими комментариями и последующими упражнениями, обеспечивающими практику в их употреблении.

В пособии имеются три приложения, которые содержат список основных различий между американским и английским вариантами современного английского языка в общеупотребительной лексике, деловой и финансовой терминологии; список аббревиатур организаций, играющих важную роль в международной торговле; список общеупотребительных сокращений в деловом контексте.

Данное пособие рекомендовано лицам, владеющими основами нормативной грамматики и имеющими определенный запас общеупотребительной лексики в сфере бизнеса. Пособие предназначено для студентов всех экономических специальностей дневной, вечерней и заочной формы обучения, а также для широкого круга лиц, самостоятельно изучающих деловой английский язык.

Автор

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PART 1.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

TENSES

1.1. Present Forms

Exercise 1. A Choose a verb and decide whether it should be in the present simple or present continuous.

1.I…at the Continental Hotel whenever I'm in Hong Kong.

2.ABC plc…a wide variety of adhesives.

3.Consumer research has identified a new trend; more and more people…to Sunkist.

4.The prices…full insurance cover.

5.Our firm…fast; 35% growth in only two years.

6.We…a department meeting every fortnight.

7.A receptionist…all incoming calls and…routine enquiries.

8.We…branches in most major cities.

9.Mr. Prescott…the candidates right now.

10.We…for a new Media Sales Manager.

11.Our engineer…to detect the cause of the fault.

B Simple or continuous?

P & S 1(be) a chain of department stores with branches in many cities in the UK. Each store 2(sell) a variety of goods from textiles to kitchen utensils to furniture, P & S 3(employ) over 3,000 people and 4(have) a turnover of over £75 m. The firm 5(grow) rapidly and at present

6(recruit) more highly qualified personnel to run its new brunch in Maidstone, Kent.

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Exercise 2. Complete this e-mail. Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (Present simple or continuous).

Hi Sam,

We 1––––– (have) a fantastic time here in Beijing. The conference itself 2 ––––– (not start) until next Wednesday, so I 3 –––––– (take) the opportunity to learn some Chinese. In fact, I 4 –––––– (attend) a conversation class every morning, and I think I 5––––– (make) good progress. Klaus and Ana 6 –––––– (not stay) at the same hotel. We 7 –––

– (see) each other at head office every afternoon. We 8 ––––– (meet) a lot of interesting people there and 9 –––––– (talk) about the future of our companies. People here 10 –––––– (like) to look ahead, and that’s great.

Tomorrow afternoon, we 11–––––– (meet) Sarah Li to discuss our investment options. I 12 –––––– (not think) it’s going to be very easy, so

I 13 –––––– (need) to be prepared.

We 14 –––––– (wish) you were here with us already. 15 ––––––you –

––––– (arrive) next Thursday as planned? Talk soon,

Max

Exercise 3.

A Put the verbs in brackets in either the present simple or present continuous:

We 1(have) a great deal of difficulty with this order and I 2 (admit) that the delivery date is unlikely to be respected. However I 3 (realize) that you need rapid delivery and we 4 (do) our best to ensure that the goods will arrive by the end of April.

In the circumstances I 5 (agree) that payment terms should be modified. I 6 (suggest) a reduction of 2.5 per cent on the unit price.

I 7 (assure) you that we will take the necessary steps to avoid any future delay and 8 (promise) to supervise the satisfactory completion of your orders personally.

B Put the verbs into the correct forms:

We 1 (have) offices in most European capitals and 2 (think) of opening one in Budapest shortly. I 3 (think) this will help us to improve our performance in Hungary. In addition, we 4 (try) to do better in

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Romania and Bulgaria but 5 (doubt) whether it will be possible in the near future.

I 6(confirm) that I 7 (spend) a couple of weeks in Germany in the spring and will be able to meet you in Berlin during the first week of April. In the meantime I 8 (send) our latest report on the situation in Eastern Europe under separate cover. If you 9 (need) any further information please let me know.

1.2. Past Forms

Exercise 1. Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (Past simple and past continuous).

The other day, I 1–––––– (sit) in a meeting when I started to feel ill. We 2 –––––– (discuss) a difficult problem at the time: we needed to increase the number of staff, but there wasn’t enough space in the office for any new workers. Everyone 3 –––––– (think) it was too expensive to rent more office space. Because I was unwell, I 4 –––––– (decide) to leave and take some work home with me. While I 5 –––––– (walk) home, the solution suddenly came to me: why not let people work from home some of the time? That way, we wouldn’t need so much office space and we could employ more people.

Exercise 2. This is an extract from the Chairperson's speech at the Annual General Meeting. Change the verbs in the brackets, using the past continuous or past simple.

…and if you remember at that time our sales 1 (go down), we 2 (lose) market share, we 3 (not invest) enough in Research & Development, we 4 (not train) our staff in order for them to use the new technologies that 5 (become) available. In addition, our competitors 6(put) a lot of effort into their own new products and 7 (dictate) market trends. Then, at about the time I 8 (become) your Chairman, we 9 (decide) that we 10 (have to) do something. So, we 11 (make) the decision to make a three-for-one rights issue, we 12 (expand) our Training Department, and we 13 (commit) more money to R & D…

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Exercise 3. Complete the text with the appropriate time expressions.

We have 1 –––––– had it so good! 2 –––––– the nation's consumer spending has increased by 10 per cent. However, despite this encouraging news, the volume of retail sales fell back by 2 per cent 3 ––

––––, though it was still 6 per sent higher than 4 –––––.

The real incomes of those in work are still rising. Average earnings in the private sector were 8 per cent higher than they were 5 ––––––. This compares with retail price inflation which has not been as low 6 ––––––.

7 ––––––, industrial output has continued to decline but the volume of production has shown an encouraging rise of 1 per cent 8 ––––––.

Exercise 4. Read the newspaper article and choose the correct verb form in the brackets.

Figures published today by the Department of Trade show that unemployment 1 (fell/has fallen) by 0.9 % over the last three months. According to the Minister, this decrease can be explained by the government's successful economic policy which 2 (led to/has led to) more job creation in small businesses. In addition, these statistics show that so far this year the production of manufactured goods 3 (increased/has increased) by 1.5% and exports 4 (rose/have risen) by 2.1%. Figures for the same period last year 5 (were/have been) 0.9% and 0.4% respectively.

A week ago the Prime Minister 6 (announced/has announced) a drop of 0.5% in interest rates. Since then the Stock Market 7 (reacted/has reacted) accordingly with the FT 30 Index now standing at 1772. Last night, at a banquet given in the Guildhall in the City of London, the Minister 8 (underlined/has underlined) the importance of using this opportunity to boost private investment in industry.

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Exercise 5. Choose the present perfect or the past simple in each case. Use the following verbs:

While I 1–––––– in Italy recently I 2–––––– lucky to be able to make an appointment with Mr.Carlucci of Fontana S.A. We 3–––––– briefly in Milan on the day of my departure and he 4–––––– some of the changes in their distribution network. In particular, he 5–––––– me that I should deal with him directly and not worry about complicated administrative procedures.

I am now back in the office and I 6–––––– him our catalogue and samples as he seems interested in placing a firm order. In addition, I 7––

–––– Miss.Parker to make sure he receives the latest list of prices by the end of next week. If there are any further developments I will let you know.

Exercise 6. Choose the present perfect or the past simple. Use the following verbs:

Dear Martin,

Thank you for your phone call yesterday. It is true that I 1–––––– not 2–––––– to you for quite some time. This letter should try to put you in the picture.

As I 3–––––– on the phone the launch of the X100 cloth cutter in Singapore last winter 4–––––– rather low-key. Competitors' machines are manufactured locally and aggressively marketed at attractive prices. Up until now, imported machines 5–––––– subject to 30% duty and 25% sales tax. So we find it difficult to gain market share.

To date, the major disadvantage for us 6–––––– our inability to find a motivated agent to push our products. We 7–––––– our profit margin low to make the price to the customer reasonable but so far this 8––––––

us from discounting or granting high commission rates. And yet the trade

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press is favourable. An article which 9–––––– in last month's Textile Technology 10–––––– the X100 highly.

All for now. I hope you 11–––––– more success in your part of the world. Keep in touch.

Exercise 7. Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (Past simple and present perfect).

A:Where can we take Mr Chen when he comes to visit us in London next month?

B:We could take him to see some of the sights.

A:Hmm. He 1 –––––– (visit) London several times, so I think he 2

–––––– (see) most of the sights already.

B:What about the theatre?

A:I 3 –––––– (take) him to the theatre last year. Unfortunately, his

English wasn’t very good, and he 4 –––––– (not understand) very much.

B:But perhaps his English 5 –––––– (improve) since then.

Exercise 8. Underline the correct forms in italics. Each verb form is used once.

So far this year we 1 saw/have seen a lot of volatility in the financial markets. The current situation in the world economy 2 is causing/had caused a great deal of uncertainty in the minds of inventors. No-one knows that the future 3 will bring/is bringing. Last year things were different: everyone 4 has been/was optimistic and the markets 5 were rising/have risen. Of course we know now that our current problems 6 have already begun/had already begun well before last year.

Exercise 9. Complete these memories by putting the verbs into the correct form: past simple, past continuous or past perfect.

I remember that occasion very well – it was while I 1 –––––– (work) Omnitel. It was in the afternoon – I 2 –––––– (just/finish) lunch – and I 3

–––––– (write) a report at my desk. I 4 –––––– (get) an SMS on my mobile phone – it was from a headhunting agency, inviting me to call them. I 5 –––––– (be) very surprised because I 6 –––––– (not/contact)

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