Тексты на английском языке для чтения и перевода. В 2 ч. Ч. 1
.pdf
Text 7 « B ill Gates: mixing maths and money to build Microsoft»
1. Прочтите части текста и переведите вы еленны е слова н а русский язык.
2. Распол жите ч сти текста в логической последовательности.
Составьте план текста. |
|
|
|
Bill Gates: mixing m aths and money t build Microsoft |
|||
A. |
At scho ol Gates excelled |
in math ematics |
|
and th e |
sciences . By the age of 1 3 |
he was deeply |
|
engrossed in so tware pro gramming. He began pro- |
|||
gramming and b ug fixing for the Computer Center |
|||
Corporation, an |
in 1970 Gates formed a v enture |
||
with a |
fellow |
school student an d |
Microsoft co- |
founder, Paul Allen, to m ke traffi c counters using |
|||
the Inte l 8008 processor. |
|
||
B. By the early 19 |
0s, Wind ows had driven |
other D os-based GUIs lik |
Gem an d Geos out of the |
market. It perfo med a similar feat with the Office |
|
produ tivity suite. Gates fought |
hard to e stablish |
Micro soft’s do inant position in the software industry. His ability to get Mi- |
|
crosof t software pre-installed on m ost PCs s ipped in the world |
made M crosoft |
the world’s larg est software house and Gates one of the world’s richest men. |
|
С. Since 2000, Gat s has giv en away about £1 5.5bn to |
charity. Fictional |
Gates character have ap eared in cartoons including the Simpsons, South Park and Family Guy.
D . Gates was born i n Seattle, Washington in 1955 to a wealthy family: his
father was a prominent lawyer a d his mother serv d on the board of |
direc- |
||
tors fo r First Interstate B nk and The United Way. |
|
|
|
E. Gates stood down as chie executive of Microsoft in |
2000 to f |
cus on |
|
software development and on 16 J une 2006, |
he anno nced that |
he woul d move |
|
to a part-time role with Microsoft i n 2008 to focus on his philan thropic |
ork. |
||
F. In 1973, Gates e nrolled at Harvar |
University, where he met |
future |
|
business partner Steve B allmer. T heir first venture was to de velop a |
version |
||
of the Basic programmi ng langua ge for the Altair 8800, one of the first microcompu ters.
Soon afterwards Gates left H arvard to found “Micro-Soft”, which later became Microsoft Corporation, with Allen. Micro soft took off when Gates began licensing his MS -Dos operating syst ems to manufacturers of IBM PC clones.
71
4. Составьте диалог о дост жениях Билла Гейтса. Используйте различн ые тип вопросов (смотрите
«Gram mar Reference» → «Структура предложения» .
Text 8 «John Prespe r Jr. Eck rt»
1. Прочтите текст и выберите правильное слово в с кобках.
|
John Presper Jr. Eckert |
|
|
||
|
|
Am erican el ectrical e ngineer |
|||
|
|
and co-inventor of one of the |
|||
|
|
(first/one) digital electronic com- |
|||
|
|
puters. |
Born i n |
Philad elphia, |
|
|
|
Pen-nsylvania, Eckert (attend- |
|||
|
|
ed/attends) the University of |
|||
|
|
Pennsylvania, earning a (bache- |
|||
|
|
lor’s/bachelors’) degree in 1941 |
|||
|
|
and a (master’s/ masters’) degree |
|||
|
|
in 1943, both in the field of elec- |
|||
John |
auchly (left) and J. P esper Eckert (right) |
trical engineering. While there, |
|||
he (me /meeted) John W Mau- |
|||||
chly, a |
|
||||
professo r of elec rical engineering. Both me |
(was/were) intere sted in |
||||
the constructio of electronic co mputers t o carry out massiv e |
computations. |
||||
Worki ng togeth r, they made several valuable improvements to existing compu-
ting e uipment. As a res ult of (them/their) work, the |
won a contract from the |
|
govern ment to build a digital com puter in which calculations would be done |
||
(electronically/electronic al) instead |
of mech anically. |
|
Eckert and Mauchly complete |
their co mputer by 1945 and called it ENIAC |
|
(Electronic Nu merical Integrator |
and Calcu lator). An |
enormo us feat of engi- |
neerin g, the EN IAC (was/were) i ntroduced to the public at t he University of
Penns ylvania in |
Februar |
|
of 1946 . |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|||||
The 3 0-ton |
m achine |
was 9 feet |
|
|
|||
(high/ higher), 8 0 feet (lo |
g/longer), |
|
|
||||
and contained a bout 19,0 |
0 vacuum |
|
|
||||
tubes. The ENI AC performed about |
|
|
|||||
5000 o perations per secon d and was |
|
|
|||||
initially used to calculate the trajec- |
|
|
|||||
tories of artillery shells |
for the |
|
|
||||
armed forces. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I 1947 Eckert and |
|
Mauchl y |
|
|
|||
established |
the ir own |
|
computer |
|
|
||
manufacturing |
firm, |
the |
Eckert- |
E |
NIAC, 19 45 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
Mauchl y |
Computer Corp oration. |
||||
|
|
|
In |
194 9 |
(they/th em) |
introduced |
||
|
|
|
the |
BI AC (BI Nary |
Automatic |
|||
|
|
|
Computer), which stored (infor- |
|||||
|
|
|
mation/ nformativ e) on magnetic |
|||||
|
|
|
tape instead of o n punched cards. |
|||||
|
|
|
In |
1951 |
they |
introduc ed |
the |
|
|
|
|
UNIVAC (UNIV ersal Automatic |
|||||
|
|
|
Computer), a co mputer d esigned |
|||||
|
|
UNIVA C |
to |
handle busi ness |
dat . |
The |
||
|
|
UNIVAC |
was widely used in |
|||||
comm erce and (helped/has helped) launch the mainframe comp |
ter boom. |
|
||||||
Remington Rand Corporation acquired the Eckert-Mauchl y Computer Cor- |
||||||||
poratio n in 195 0 and as a result of a merger |
became the Sperr y Rand Corpora- |
|||||||
tion in 1955. Eckert remained in ex ecutive positions t roughout all the co mpany acquisitions and mergers. He recei ved 85 (p tents/pat nt) from 1948 to 1966 for
(electronic/electronical) i |
ventions. |
|
2 |
. Заполните пробелы данн ыми из текста. |
|
1 |
. Eckert graduated |
rom the University of Pennsylvania in _____ a s a BSc |
in the |
field of electrical e |
gineering and in _ ____ as a MSc. |
2 |
. During h is studies he met _ ____, a professor o electrical engineer ing. |
|
3 |
. Eckert and Mauchly completed their comput er by ___ __ and called it |
|
_____ . |
|
|
4 |
. Their computer was introd uced to the public at the Un iversity of Penn- |
|
sylvania in ____ _. |
|
|
5 |
. The _____ ton m chine was _____ feet high, _____ fe et long, a nd con- |
|
tained about ___ __ vacuum tubes. |
||
6 |
. It performed ____ _ operations per s econd and was initially used to cal- |
|
culate |
____ |
|
7 |
. In ____ Eckert and Mauc hly founded their own computer man factur- |
|
ing fir m. |
|
|
8 |
. In 1949 the inventors introduced _____ which stored information on |
|
_____ instead o f on punc hed cards. |
||
9 |
. In _____ they introduced the UNIVAC design d to hand le _____ data. |
|
1 |
0. Eckert received |
____ pat ents from 1948 to 1966 for hi s inventio ns. |
3 |
. Переведите выделенный курсивом фраг мент текста на русский |
|
язык. |
|
|
4 |
. Quiz. Разделитесь на 4 группы. Each gr oup cho oses 1 celebrity |
|
from the list: Steve Jobs, Bill Ga tes, John Presper Jr. Eckert, Tim B ernersLee. hink in groups f 10 or more questions for the q uiz to ask your groupmates about this celebrity to check their kno ledge.
73
SPEAKING
1. Ma ke up an interview with an IT celebrity.
Stude nt A: Imagine you are a journalist wh o is goin g to intervie the IT celebrity you admire . Think of ten to t elve que stions you would ask about their personal life, edu ation, career, hob bies, inter ests, future prospects, etc. and nterview the perso n.
Student B Imagine you are t he IT celebrity who is interviewed by Student A. Study the person’s bio graphy. P repare to answer all sorts of questions about your personal life, education, career, hobbie , interest , future p rospects, etc. Be true to life.
2. Подготовьте презентац ию об известном человеке в IT-сфере. Представьте в аудитории или посредством Sky e, email.
WRITING
Write a news paper article/interview abo ut an im ortant erson in the IT s phere (about their personal life, education,
c areer, hobbies, in terests, fu ture pro spects, et c.)
74
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ
Выполнение и оформление контрольных работ
Контрольные работы по английскому языку представлены в трех вариантах, студент обязан выполнить один из предложенных (см. таблицу ниже). Выполнять контрольную работу следует при помощи компьютера и сдавать в распечатанном виде. Титульный лист оформляется по стандарту БНТУ на русском или английском языке (см. образец).
Задания теста выполняются в последовательности, указанной в к/р. Студент должен составить список из незнакомых слов (Vocabulary), перевести их на русский язык, выучить и вложить в контрольную работу.
Перед контрольными заданиями приводится перечень грамматического материала, подлежащего усвоению. Раздел «Грамматический справочник» содержит грамматический материал, который необходимо усвоить для выполнения теста. После изучения соответствующих грамматических тем студенту необходимо выполнить контрольные задания и предоставить их преподавателю за две недели до начала зачетно-экзаменационной сессии. Студент может прислать работу для предварительной проверки по электронной почте (адрес узнать у преподавателя).
Выбор варианта
Номер варианта контрольной работы совпадает с первой буквой фамилии.
№ варианта |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
А |
Б |
В |
|
|
|
|
|
Г, Д |
Е, Ж, З |
И, К |
|
|
|
|
Первая буква |
Л |
М |
Н, О |
|
|
|
|
фамилии |
П, Р |
С |
Т, У |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
Ф, Х |
Ц, Ч |
Ш, Щ |
|
|
|
|
|
Э |
Ю |
Я |
|
|
|
|
75
Правила оформления титульного листа на русском языке
БЕЛОРУССКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Международный институт дистанционного образования Кафедра «Информационные системы и технологии»
ОБРАЗЕЦ
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
1 семестр Вариант № __
по дисциплине: «Иностранный язык (английский)»
Выполнил:
студент 1 курса, гр. __________
ФИО студента_______________
Проверил:
ФИО преподавателя: (Шапаренко А. А. Голикова А. Е.)
Минск 2017
76
TERM I
КОНТРОЛЬ НАЯ РА ОТА № 1 Вариант № 1
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы № 1 необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал:
1 |
. |
Существительное. Множественное число. Притяжательный падеж. |
|||
Артикли. |
|
|
|
||
2 |
. |
Местоимения личные, притяжательные, во росительные, указатель- |
|||
ные, относительные. |
|
|
|
||
3 |
. Числительные. |
|
|
||
4 |
. |
Прилагательные. Степени |
сравнения. |
|
|
5 |
. |
Структура предложения. |
Повествовательные, отрицательные, вопро- |
||
сительныепредложения. Оборот there is/ are. |
|
||||
6 |
. Особенности об азования |
форм глаголов to be, to ha ve. |
|||
7 |
. |
Видовременные формы глагола ( действит льный залог). Правиль- |
|||
ные и неправильные глаголы. Типы вопросов. |
|
||||
I. |
Прочтите текст и выберите правильное |
слово в скобках. Вы- |
|||
полните упра нения после текста. |
|
||||
|
|
|
IT Department Res tructurin g |
||
|
|
|
DataPr o Inc. (is/are) gro |
ing, and so the w orkload |
|
|
|
|
is increasing. But th IT depa tment (ar e/is) not dealing |
||
|
|
|
w th this in crease eff ectively. S o Chief E xecutive Officer |
||
|
|
|
(am/is) div iding the IT department int o three s ctions: |
||
|
|
|
q ality assurance, data processing and information |
||
|
|
|
security. T he respon sibilities of each se ction (is/are): |
||
Quali ty assurance |
Data P rocessin g |
Inform ation Security |
|||
testing hardw are |
– writi ng code |
enco ding onli ne data |
|||
prov iding technical |
organ izing data |
transfers |
|||
support |
|
|
upda ting security |
||
|
|
|
|
|
soft-ware |
These chan ges (am/is/are) not simple o easy. But smaller groups de al with |
|||||
tasks |
more efficiently than larger ones. The supervisors (is, are) ready to inform |
||||
the employees about the n ew section assignm ent. |
|
||||
77
A. Соотнесите слова (1–10) с определениями (a–j).
1)software
2)code
3)hardware
4)data processing
5)information security
6)online
7)technical support
8)data
9)quality assurance
10)encoding
a)putting secret information into code
b)the physical parts of a computer
c)connected to the Internet
d)numbers entered/held in a computer
e)checking products for problems
f)the act of using information
g)programs/instructions added to computers
h)helping people use/understand technology
i)program language
j)the act of protecting information
II. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.
1.Compression reduces the amount of disk space required to store data.
2.As technology changed the world of mobile devices, the PDA (personal digital assistant) has become obsolete as devices like touch-screen smartphones and tablets grow in popularity.
3.The Internet has enriched our lives. It’s difficult to imagine how we did certain jobs before we had the ability to go online.
4.In 1969 Intel designed the first microprocessor.
III. Заполните пропуски правильной формой глагола “to be, to have”.
1.Cryptography ___ the art of science keeping messages secret.
2.The chip is used in a wide variety of devices. They ___ PCs, calculators, digital watches, robots, electronic games etc.
3.In all PCs, the microprocessor ___ the chip that runs programs.
4.All the employees ___ laptops or handheld PCs.
5.In terms of computing power, modern notebook computers ___ nearly equivalent to personal computers. They ___ the same CPUs, memory capacity and disk drives.
IV. Подберите словосочетания с противоположным значением.
Пример: a more interesting film – a less interesting film.
a less reliable device – the worst results –
the easiest programming language – the least effective device –
a bad model –
the most efficient program – a smaller laptop –
a more reasonable logical operation –
78
V. Переведите выделенные слова на английский язык, используя оборот there is/there are. Поставьте вопросы к предложениям.
1.Существует 6 classes of tokens: identifiers, keywords, constants, strings, operators and other separators.
How many__________________________________________________?
2.Находятся a laptop and a printer on the office desk.
What ______________________________________________________? 3. Существуют various types of computers.
What types__________________________________________________? 4. Нет unknown for students symbols in this sentence.
Are _______________________________________________________?
VI. a) Запишите и произнесите числа, даты и телефонные номера.
NUMBERS |
DATES |
TELEPHONE NUMBERS |
1,750 |
April 6, 1988 |
8-029-681-44-33 |
17953240 |
January19, 2009 |
266-93-21 |
85% |
July 23, 1842 |
8-033-855-295 |
274,713 |
December 15, 2016 |
8-029-722-849 |
b) Запишите слова, выделенные курсивом, цифрами.
Пример: There are exactly four thousand, six hundred and two employees. – 4602.
1.This program shows a rise of nineteen point five per cent.
2.The fourth generation of computers is more evolutionary than revolutionary.
3.If the original file is two thousand byte long and is compressed to one thousand bytes, and one hundred byte table is required to expand the file back again, then the degree of compression is forty-five per cent.
4.A typical computer system uses an eight-bit byte for each character in a text file. In theory this permits a two hundred fifty-six character alphabet.
VII. Прочтите текст и переведите выделенный фрагмент на русский язык. Поставьте к тексту 10 вопросов различного типа. Выпишите из текста слова с окончанием «s». Разделите их на три группы (глаголы, существительные, местоимения). Окончание -s/es является:
а) показателем третьего лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного; в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
79
Computer programmer
Job description
Technology is a way of life these days as many individuals find themselves lost without items such as their computers and PDAs. The job position of a computer programmer is not only one that is high in demand but readily available as well.
What Is a Computer Programmer?
The individual who fulfills the job role of a computer programmer is one who writes and develops various programs relating to the use of the computer.
General Responsibilities of a Computer Programmer.
No matter what type of job a computer programmer fulfills, he/she will have general responsibilities to perform in their role as a computer programmer. The first is to develop new computer programming methods. These may include anywhere from basic computer programming methods to more in-depth methods. Another general responsibility which a computer programmer must undertake in his/her daily job role is the development of programs themselves.
Another general responsibility of a computer programmer is to consult with outside parties in relation to the construction of computer programming methods and the programs themselves. Lastly, computer programmers must follow the progress of programs to ensure that they are operating correctly and fix any program errors that might occur along the way.
Specific Duties of a Computer Programmer
The primary duty of a computer programmer is to develop computer programs. Computer programs can relate to business concepts, games or personal use by individual computer users.
Another specific duty of a computer programmer is to perform monitoring tasks to ensure that the programs which they develop work properly. Computer programmers review programs on a frequent basis and make adjustments.
Some computer programmers may also be in a supervisory position. This means that the computer programmer may oversee the work of coworkers and subordinates on a daily basis. Those who fill a supervisory role may have to hire new computer programmers and others who work in the computer department as well as fire those who do not work out. Computer programmers who are supervisors may also perform scheduling and payroll tasks.
The maintenance of computer databases is another type of specific duty. The size of the database will depend on the computer department which a computer programmer works within and the company which a computer programmer works for in their job position.
The computer programmer may also be the individual who is responsible for providing technical support to those who use the computer programs developed by the individual and his/her company.
80