Тексты на английском языке для чтения и перевода. В 2 ч. Ч. 1

D . Переп шите п редложе ния, используя цифры и символ ы вместо слов.

1. How to find Microsoft Wo rd in Win dows:

–In Wind ows Clic k Start.

–In the se arch type word and if Word is installed should sh ow in the results. For example, you may see Microsoft Word tw o thousand and ten, Microso t Word two th ousand and thirteen, or Micros oft Word three hun dred sixtyfive.

microsoft dot com or w ww dot Microsoft dot com – but w ww in quotation marks is not part of the do main nam e.

SPEA KING

Подготовьтесь к обсуждению в группе следующей темы “How the invention of computer ha s changed the w orld”.

WRITING

Напи шите эссе на тему “The Role of C omputers in the Modern World”.

21

Unit II. TYP ES OF C OMPUTERS

I think it's fair to say t hat person al computers have become t he most emp owering t ol we've ever created. They' e tools of commun cation, they're tools of cr eativity, and they c n be shap ed by their user.

Bill Gates

Text 1 «Classes of computers»

1. Просмотрите т кст и соотнеси е иллюстрации с типом компьтера.

2. Прочтите текст еще раз и ответьте на вопрос:

W hich device uses UNIX as the operati g system

22

Classes of computers

Supercomputer

Supercomputer is the fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. Weather forecasting, animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration require a supercomputer.

Mainframe

Mainframe is a very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of connected users simultaneously. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe.

Minicomputer

Minicomputer is a midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and mainframes. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.

Microcomputer

The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal computer (PC), or a computer that depends on a microprocessor. Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals, whether in the form of PCs, workstations or notebook computers. A microcomputer contains a central processing unit (CPU) on a microchip (the microprocessor), a memory system (typically read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM)), a bus system and I/O ports, typically housed in a motherboard.

Workstation

Workstation is a computer intended for individual use that is faster and more capable than a personal computer. It's intended for business or professional use (rather than home or recreational use). Workstations and applications designed for them are used by small engineering companies, architects, graphic designers, and any organization, department, or individual that requires a faster microprocessor, a large amount of random access memory, and special features such as high-speed graphics adapters.

PDA

PDA is short for personal digital assistant, is a handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, Internet and networking features. A typical PDA can function as a cellular phone, fax sender, Web browser and personal organizer. PDAs may also be referred to as a palmtop, hand-held computer or pocket computer.

Unlike portable computers, most PDAs began as pen-based, using a stylus rather than a keyboard for input. This means that they also incorporated

23

handwriting recognition features. Some PDAs can also react to voice input by using voice recognition technologies. PDAs are available in either a stylus or keyboard version.

Apple Computer, which introduced the Newton MessagePad in 1993, was one of the first companies to offer PDAs. As technology changed the world of mobile devices, the PDA has become obsolete as devices like touch-screen smartphones and tablets grow in popularity.

3. В процессе чтения текста заполните таблицу данными о типе компьютера.

4. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы: Which of the devices …

1)is capable of supporting 300-3000 users simultaneously?

2)is intended for business or professional use?

3)can function as a cellular phone?

4)is used for animated graphics?

5)incorporates handwriting recognition features?

6)is used by small engineering companies?

7)is capable of supporting 15-150 users simultaneously?

8)is employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations?

9)has come out of use because of new technologies?

10)reacts to voice input by using voice recognition technologies?

11)is referred to as hand-held computer?

12)is used by graphic designers?

13)is used for nuclear energy research?

14)is used by architects?

15)is the fastest type of computers?

5. Соотнесите слова близкие по значению и их перевод:

24

ble, w hereas mainframes are (good ) at executing many programs concurr ntly.

25

American Intel chips are to be repla ced by Chinese 9)_ _______ ___ ones.

The race f or the world’s fast est compu ter is a 10)______ ___ one. Before America got the title, Ja pan had the worl d’s fastest comput er. Seven of the world’s top computers are in the U SA, two are in China and one is in Germany.

26

A notebook is an extremely lightweight personal computer. Notebook computers typically weigh less than six pounds

techno logies, to produce a lightwe ight and non-bu lky displ ay screen. In terms of computing power, m odern notebook computers are nearly equi valent to personal comput-

ers. T ey have the same CPUs, memory capacity and disk driv es. However, all this power in a small pack age is ex pensive.

N otebook computers come with battery packs that enable you to run them

27

mobil e device, the noteb ook was a thinner design an d it weighed less than the

facture d), and t he sound, modem, and such would b integrat ed - not separate upgrad able hard ware devices. Laptops were considered to be desktop replacements; portable compute s with features, functions, and option s comparable to

there is even less of a difference between the two since technology a vancements means that most common computer devices and peripherals ar e much smaller now.

Today tech nology allows dev ices to be slimmer, smaller and bet ter for mobile computing by de ign, so t e size of portable computers (both i thickness a nd weight) is decre sing. For this reaso n, option s that onc e defined the differenc e between a laptop and notebook com puter are separate d by a sm all, almost i nvisible fine line today.

A nother reason the term laptop is beco ming less frequently used is ecause a port ble "comparable t o desktop" system today could easily lead to heat discomfort and po sible inju ry if left in your l p for extended periods of time. By calling a laptop a noteboo k, it also removes the assoc ation that the portable device is well-suited to bein g used o nly on yo ur lap. An other rea son that t he term laptop does not fit in wit h today's technology is that these traditionally eavier portable computers that once were clearly a laptop are just not m ade anym ore.

3. Прочтите текст, раздел ите его на смысловые части, подберите названия к каждой из них.

29

Grammar Focus

4. Заполн те таблицу соответствующими формами прилагательных

(Смотрите «Grammar Re erence» → «The Adjective. И мя прилагательное»).

5. Выпишите из текста все глаголы и заполните таблицы.

30