Состав отработавших газов двигателей внутреннего сгорания

4.ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.

5.ɉɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɪɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɤɨɥ-

ɥɟɤɬɨɪ.

6.Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɟɪɚ.

7.ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

8.Ɉɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ:

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ;

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ;

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ɉ2;

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ.

ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɫ ɈȽ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɈȽ ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ, ɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 1 %. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚɦ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ ɜ ɈȽ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 10 %.

ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɋɈ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:

-0,1 ppm - ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɋɈ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ;

-0,5…5 ppm - ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɋɈ ɜ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ;

-5…15 ppm - ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɋɈ ɜ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ;

-100…200 ppm - ɜɵɯɥɨɩ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɚ (Ɇɟɯɢɤɨ, Ɇɚɞɪɢɞ, Ɇɢɥɚɧ ɢ ɞɪ.);

-5000 ppm - ɤɚɦɢɧ ɞɨɦɚ, ɬɨɩɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɪɨɜɚɦɢ;

-7000 ppm - ɧɟ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ;

-30000 ppm – ɧɟ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɵɦ ɫɢɝɚɪɟɬɵ.

2.2. ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ

ɂɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ: ɜ ɈȽ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 200 ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɈȽ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ. ȼ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɈȽ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ:

- ɜ Ⱦȼɋ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɫɦɟɫɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ – ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ;

- ɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɫ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ – ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ Ⱦȼɋ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɢɩɭ ɰɟɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɰɟɩɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɟɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ

(7)

Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɥɚɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɫ (n+m/4) ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɭ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɢ ɢ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ. ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.

ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ C2H2 ɢ H2. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ CO, CO2, H2O ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɝɚɡɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.

ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɡ, ɝɨɪɥɚ, ɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟ, ɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɳɢɯ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ. Ɉɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɟɪɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ CH ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɦɨɝɚ. Ɋɟɡɤɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɤɨɦ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ, ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ.

ɗɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɹɞɵ: ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɵ, ɨɥɟɮɢɧɵ, ɧɚɮɬɟɧɵ, ɚɪɨ-

ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ - ɉȺɍ). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɉȺɍ. Ʌɟɝɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɋɯɇɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɮɚɤɟɥɚ, ɧɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɪɵɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ (ɩɨɞɜɩɪɵɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ). Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɋɯɇɭ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɋɯɇɭ - ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ «ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ» ɩɪɢɫɬɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ (ɪɢɫ.2.2). ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ, ɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɢ, ɪɟɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɬɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 0,005…0,3 ɦɦ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɢɡ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɝɨɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.

Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɋɯɇɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ɇɟɫɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ (ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɦ ɢ ɫɬɟɧɤɨɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ, ɧɚɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɜɵɦ ɤɨɥɶɰɨɦ, ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɫɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, CH ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɫɪɵɜɚ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ, ɹɞɪɟ, ɯɜɨɫɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɢ, ɧɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɟ, ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɪɵɫɤɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɳɭɬɢɦɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɸ CH (ɪɢɫ.2.3).

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2.2-Ɂɨɧɵ ɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ 1-ɩɨɪɲɟɧɶ; 2-ɝɢɥɶɡɚ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ; 3-ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2.3-Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɈȽ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ

ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɋɯɇɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɨɥɟɮɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ (ɷɬɢɥɟɧ ɋ2ɇ4, ɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧ ɋ3ɇ5, ɛɭɬɢɥɟɧ C4H8) ɢ, ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɵ (ɦɟɬɚɧ ɋH4, ɷɬɚɧ ɋ2ɇ4, ɩɪɨɩɚɧ ɋ3ɇ8, ɛɭɬɚɧ ɋ4H10), ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ, ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ. ȼ ɞɢɡɟɥɹɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɟɫɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ 2-6 % ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ, ɚ ɜ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ – 14-58 %. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɧɟɫɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ (ɛɟɥɵɣ ɞɵɦ). Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ, - ɷɬɨ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ (ɉȺɍ).

Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɉȺɍ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɞɪɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ, ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɉȺɍ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɪɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ. ȼ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ, ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɜɟ, ɬɪɢ ɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ 12…20 ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɪɟɧ, ɮɥɭɨɪɚɧɬɟɧ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɪɢɡɟɧ, ɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ, ɮɟɧɚɧɬɪɟɧ ɋ14H10, ɛɟɧɡɨ(b)ɮɥɭɨɪɚɧɬɟɧ, ɛɟɧɡɨ(j)ɮɥɭɨɪɚɧɬɟɧ ɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧ ɋ20H12. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɟ ɉȺɍ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨ 3,7% ɭ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɢ 2,1…3,3% ɭ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɉȺɍ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɢɝɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɠɢ.

ɉȺɍ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ, ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɚ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɥɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚɯ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ ɢ ɟɳɟ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ – ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɂɡɧɨɫ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɩɨɪɲɧɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɪɚɡ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɈȽ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚɯ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ.

Ʉɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ - ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ RCHO - ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ - ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ ɇɋɇɈ ɢ ɚɤɪɨɥɟɢɧ ɋɇ3ɋɇɈ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ - ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ. ȼ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 71…91 % ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ, ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɚɤɪɨɥɟɢɧɚ – 9…22 %. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ 10…15 % ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ (ɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɬɨɥɭɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɛɟɧɡɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ). ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ 30 ɦɝ/ɦ3 , ɚ ɜ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 240 ɦɝ/ɦ3. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɟɪɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ, ɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɩɪɢ ǂ= 1,1, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɋɇ (ɩɪɢ ǂ = 1,1) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ. ȼ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɋɇ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 0,5…0,7 %.

ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɋɇ ɜ ɈȽ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ:

1.ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ:

-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ (ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ);

-ɫɜɟɱɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ;

-ɜɵɫɨɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ;

-ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ.

2.ɉɟɪɟɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ:

-ɩɨɞɫɨɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜɨ ɜɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ.

3.ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ EGR ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ:

-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ EGR ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ;

-ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ EGR;

-ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɲɥɚɧɝɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ EGR.

4.Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɤ.

5.ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

6.Ɉɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ:

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ;

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ;

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ɉ2;

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ.

7.ɍɬɟɱɤɚ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ:

-ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɡɨɪ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ (ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɡɚɡɨɪ);

-ɩɪɨɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɞɥɚ.

8.ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ:

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ;

-ɧɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ.

9.Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɪɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ:

-ɢɡɧɨɫ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɰ ɢɥɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

10.ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ.

11.Ɉɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɚɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɯ.

2.3.ɋɚɠɚ

ȼɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɦɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɵɥɢ (ɪɢɫ.2.4). ɗɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ "ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ" (Partikel), ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2.4 – ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɠɢ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɢ – ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ, ɢ ɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɈȽ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɦɟɫɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɋɚɠɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (Ɍɑ), ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɠɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ, ɡɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. (ɪɢɫ.2.5). ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɚɠɢ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ) ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɞɵɦɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ɉɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɫɚɠɢ. ȼɢɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɵɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɫɚɠɢ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1,1 ɝ/ɦ3 . ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɞɵɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ.

ɋɚɠɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ (ɪɢɫ.2.6) ɫ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 0,3…100 ɦɤɦ (ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ 0,2 ɞɨ 1,0 ɦɤɦ). ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɚɠɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɯ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 0,015…0,17 ɦɤɦ ɫ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ 75 ɦ2/ɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫ ɈȽ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɚɠɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ 0,4…5ɦɤɦ.

ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɠɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 300 ɦ2/ɝ, ɚ ɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɚ – 0,05 ɝ/ɫɦ3. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɦɟɫɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɧɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɩɪɵɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Common Rail ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɨɫ-ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɤ.

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2.5- ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2.6- ɋɚɠɚ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ

ɋɚɠɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɇɟɥɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɫɚɠɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 0,5…2 ɦɤɦ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ, ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɹɯ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɸ. ɋɚɠɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɠɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɠɢ – ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɟ). ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ Į = 0,33…0,7 ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ

ɋ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɚɠɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɠɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɚ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɟɞɧɵɯ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɠɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɠɟɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɚɠɢ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɋ/ɇ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ.

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɠɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ, ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ, ɤɪɟɤɢɧɝ, ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɸ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɠɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɵ:

-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɣ, ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ

-ɲɟɫɬɢɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ);

-ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ (ɫɥɢɩɚɧɢɟ) ɞɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ;

-ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ.

ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ (ɤɪɟɤɢɧɝɚ), ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ); ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɩɨ-

ɥɢɦɟɪ); ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ (ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɤ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ).

ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɠɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɟɤ ɫɚɠɢ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ Ɉɇ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɠɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ

ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɫɦɟɫɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɢɫɤɪɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟɦ (ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ) ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ (Į = 0,33…0,7) ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ. ɇɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɚɠɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɡɨɧ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɚɠɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɚɠɢ ɫ ɈȽ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɢɫɤɪɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɜ ɈȽ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɫ ɧɚɞɞɭɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɧɚ 68…75% ɢɡ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɧɚ 25…32% - ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ.

ɋɚɠɚ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ - ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɪɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ. ȼɵɛɪɨɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɫ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɦɢ ɝɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 5…11 ɦɝ ɧɚ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɫ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɦɢ ɝɚɡɚɦɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ – 1…13 ɦɝ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ (ɠɟɥɟɡɨ Fe, ɧɢɤɟɥɶ Ni, ɦɟɞɶ ɋu, ɰɢɧɤ Zn ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ ɢɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɫɚɞɨɤ ɤ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɭ ɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɫɥɭ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɭɝɚɪɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ (ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ ɞɵɦ).

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɫɟɪɵ SɈ2 ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ ɫɟɪɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɵ S, ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ H2S, ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɨɜ RSH ɢ ɞɪ.). ɉɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɸɬ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɫɟɪɵ SɈ2 ɢ SɈ3. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ – ɫɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɨɥɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ. Ɉɤɫɢɞɵ ɫɟɪɵ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɹ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ - ɫɟɪɧɢɫɬɭɸ ɇ2SO3 ɢ ɫɟɪɧɭɸ H2SO4. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɦɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ. ɗɬɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɫɦɨɝɚ ɢ «ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɠɞɟɣ», ɡɚɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɱɜ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ.

3. ɈɄɋɂȾɕ ȺɁɈɌȺ

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɡɟɥɹ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɚɡɨɬɚ (NOx), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ: NO, NO2, N2O, N2O3, N2O4, N2O5 . ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ, ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ NO ɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 98,0…99,5 %, ɚ ɭ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ – ɞɨ 95…98 %. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɫɨɪɬ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ NOx, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɟɣ, 80…90% ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɧɨɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɡɨɬɚ NO ɢ 10…20% - ɧɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɡɨɬɚ NO2. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨ ɦɚɥɨ. Ɇɨɧɨɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ. ȼ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɧɨɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɡɨɬɚ NO ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ NɈ2 ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ 0,5 ɞɨ 100 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɈȽ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, NO ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ NO2. ȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 135…21 ɨɋ NO2 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ N2O4, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɢɠɟ 21 ɨɋ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ N2O4.

ɗɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ NɈ2 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɈȽ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɬɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ. Ɉɤɫɢɞɵ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɸɳɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɵɟ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɝɥɚɡ, ɧɨɫɚ, ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɡɨɬɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟɬ.

Ɂɚɤɢɫɶ ɚɡɨɬɚ (N2O – ɝɟɦɢɨɤɫɢɞ, ɜɟɫɟɥɹɳɢɣ ɝɚɡ) – ɝɚɡ ɫ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. Ⱦɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɡɨɬɚ NO2 – ɛɭɪɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɫ ɭɞɭɲɥɢɜɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɡɨɬɢɫɬɨɣ HNO2 ɢ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ HNO3 ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɬ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɪ- ɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. Ⱦɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ. Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1…2 ppm. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɟɟ CO, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ – ɜ 40 ɪɚɡ. Ɉɤɫɢɞɵ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɢɬɪɨɨɥɟɮɢɧɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ NOx ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0,5 – 6,0 ɦɝ/ɦ3. ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ȼ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ:

-«ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ»;

-«ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ»;

-«ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ».

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɡɨɬɚ NɈ ɩɨ «ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ» ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (ɫɜɵɲɟ 2000 ɨɋ)