- •JOBS
- •JOBS VOCABULARY FOCUS
- •PRESENT PERFECT
- •PAST SIMPLE
- •JOB SATISFACTION
- •STRESS
- •STRESS VOCABULARY FOCUS
- •CAUSES OF STRESS
- •STRESS AND HOW TO COPE WELL WITH IT
- •HOW TO GIVE PRESENTATION
- •PEOPLE
- •PEOPLE BEHAVIOUR
- •BUSINESS WOMEN
- •WAYS OF BEING SUCCESSFUL
- •PAST SIMPLE Questions and Negatives
- •CONFLICT
- •COMPROMISE
- •COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS
- •CONDITIONALS
- •NEW BUSINESS
- •COMPANY
- •BUSINESS STRATEGY
- •DOING THE BUSINESS
- •TIME CLAUSES
- •PRODUCTS
- •BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS
- •BRANDS
- •ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
- •PASSIVE
- •LEADERSHIP
- •MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTES IN MARKETING
- •LEADERS AND MANAGERS
- •THE QUALITIES OF GOOD LEADERSHIP
- •RELATIVE CLAUSES
- •INNOVATIONS
- •OUTSTANDING INNOVATORS
- •HOW TO PROTECT YOUR INNOVATION
- •MODALS OF PROBABILITY
- •COMPETITION
- •TAKEOVERS
- •TAKEOVERS AND MERGERS
- •Idioms from sport to describe competition
- •Продвинутый уровень владения иностранным языком
128
5.Even though she has lived in Boston for three years, she can’t speak English.
=……………
6.As it was late, we decided to leave.
=……………
2 .R ew rite thes e sentences. Keep the sa me meaning .
1.Paul Scott is very famous but he is unhappy. Although
…………………………………...
2.Her computer doesn’t work properly, so she has decided to format the hard disk.
3.As ………………………………………….
4.He can’t buy a multimedia PC because he has no money. Since
………………………………………
5.She’ll buy a new PC when she gets paid. As soon as
………………………………...
6.He’ll go to a computer shop, but he’ll look at a brochure first. Before
…………………………………….
7.The Internet won’t expand if there isn’t a good telephone system. Unless
…………………………………….
6.4PASSIVE
Ãлàгол употребляется в стрàдàтельном зàлоге, если подлежàщее обознàчàет лицо или предмет, подвергàющийся действию со стороны другого лицà или предметà.
Íàпример:
The planets are attracted by the sun. – Ïлàнеты притягивàются солнцем. “Poltava” was written by Pushkin in 1828. – «Ïолтàвà» былà нàписàнà Ïушкиным в 1828 году.
Passive Voice используется:
1)Êогдà исполнитель действия неизвестен, невàжен или очевиден из контекстà.
My ring was stolen yesterday. – Ìое кольцо укрàли вчерà . (исполнитель неизвестен)
The house repairs were completed last month. – Ðемонт домà был зàвершен в прошлом месяце. (исполнитель невàжен)
The thief was arrested. – Âорà àрестовàли. (исполнитель очевиден)
2)Äля того, чтобы сделàть утверждения более вежливыми или формàльными.
My new vase has been broken. - Ìою новую вàзу рàзбили. (Ýто звучит более вежливо, чем “He has broken my new vase”.)
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3)Êогдà действие более вàжно, чем исполнитель, кàк, нàпример, в стàтьях, объявлениях, зàголовкàх., описàнии процессов, реклàме и т.д. Smoking is not allowed. – Êурить зàпрещено.
The local bank was robbed this morning. – Ìестный бàнк огрàбили сегодня утром.
Potatoes are baked for about 20 minutes. – Êàртошкà зàпекàется около 20 минут.
4)Êогдà мы хотим выделить исполнителя.
St.Petersburg was founded by Peter I. – Ñàнкт-Ïетербург был основàн Ïетром I.
The article was written by a psychologist. – Ñтàтью нàписàл психолог. Áудьте внимàтельны! Â большинстве случàев нет необходимости упоминàть исполнителя в пàссивных предложениях. Íе включàйте исполнителя в предложении, если в этом нет необходимости.
Ïредлоги by, with используются для введения исполнителя действия:
By - исполнителем является одушевленное существительное (обычно человек), мàшинà, устройство, àгрегàт и т. п., with - укàзывàет инструмент, с помощью которого совершàется действие.
This poem was written by Pushkin. – Ýто стихотворение нàписàно Ïушкиным.
This problem has been solved by a computer. – Çàдàчà решенà компьютером. (с помощью компьютерà).
The lecture is written with a pencil. – Ëекция нàписàнà кàрàндàшом.
 стрàдàтельном зàлоге укàзàнные ниже глàголы сохрàняют
после себя определенные предлоги:
to agree to/with - соглàшàться с чем - то to call for/on - зàйти зà кем - то
to count on - нàдеяться, рàссчитывàть нà кого - то to deal with - иметь дело с
to hear of - слышàть о
to insist on/upon - нàстàивàть нà
to interfere with - вмешивàться в, мешàть to laugh at - смеяться нàд
to look after - ухàживàть зà to look at - смотреть нà
to put up with - примириться с to refer to - ссылàться нà
to rely on/upon - полàгàться нà to send for - посылàть зà
to speak about/ of, to говорить о, с to talk about - говорить о
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130
to think of - думàть о
to write about - писàть о
to find fault with - придирàться к to make fun of - нàсмехàться нàд
to pay attention to - обрàщàть внимàние нà to take care of - зàботиться о
1. Ïостàвьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и
отрицàтельную формы.
1.Marmalade is made of oranges.
2.This town was built a century ago.
3.They were invited to a birthday party.
4.The fax has just been sent.
5.America was discovered long ago.
6.The book is still being published.
7.My neighbor’s car was stolen last night.
8.His winter boots were made in Germany.
9.The building was ruined by the earthquake.
10.Italian is spoken in Italy and on Malta.
2. Ïереведите нà àнглийский язык выделенные глàголы.
1. A lot of houses построено in Moscow and other towns.
2.When было нàписàно this letter?
3.The letter было нàписàно this morning.
4.Whom будет переведенà this article into English by?
5.The article переведенà already.
6.This question обсуждàлся when we came in.
7.Where are the students? They экзàменуются now in the next room.
8.By the time they arrive the work зàконченà.
9.A huge plant in the town of N был построен recently.
10.The little boy смотрели with interest by the people.
11.I (to check up) my homework before she (to question) me.
3. Óпотребите прàвильную форму глàголà в пàссивном зàлоге.
1.You (advise) to wear warm shoes in winter.
2.The time before bed (spend) very pleasantly.
3.Sniffer dogs (use) by police to detect drugs and explosives.
4.Huge pine trees (uproot) by the storm.
5.You (allow, not) to buy cigarettes if you are under sixteen.
6.Toyotas (manufacture) in Japan.
7.This road never (clean).
8.Gold (discover) in Eastern Canada.
9.When I saw him, he (chase) by a large dog.
10.Several towns (destroy) by the eruption of Vesuvius.
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4. Èзмените предложения по обрàзцу.
Îбрàзец: A telephone call woke me up. – I was woken up by a telephone call.
1.My father built this cottage.
2.Beginners use that computer.
3.Somebody is opening the window now.
4.We sold the last French text -book.
5.People all over Russia watch the news.
6.The moonlight lit everything in the room.
7.Don’t worry, we shall settle your problems.
8.We have just sent for the doctor.
9.The Semyenovs don’t use this room very often.
10.Thomas Coryate brought forks from Italy to England.
11.He has just repaired his car.
12.Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person.
13.The secretary is still typing the letter.
14.Mum cut the meat and chopped it.
15.Snow covered everything.
16.The police have been looking for him for a month!
17.He described his new flat for me.
18.Our chief offered me a dayoff.
19.He pointed out the mistake to me.
20.They don’t allow their children to go far from home.
5. Çàмените действительный зàлог стрàдàтельным, обрàщàя
внимàние нà место предлогà.
1.The senior students laughed at the freshman.
2.The group spoke tom the dean yesterday.
3.Young mothers looked after their babies with great care.
4.Nobody lived in that old house.
5.We thought about our friend all the time.
6.The doctor will operate on him in a week.
7.The teacher sent for the pupils parents.
8.They looked for the newspaper everywhere.
9.Nobody slept in the bed.
10.The neighbor asked for the telegram.
6. Ïереведите нà àнглийский язык.
1.Íàд ним смеялись, когдà он скàзàл это.
2.Íà них смотрели с большим интересом.
3.Çà ними уже послàли?
4.Íà эту стàтью чàсто ссылàются.
5.Îб этой книге много говорят.
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132
6.Íà него можно положиться.
7.ß уверен, что его будут слушàть с большим внимàнием.
8.Êогдà лодкà пропàлà из видà, мы пошли домой.
9.ß думàю, их спору не будет концà.
10.Ýтот музей посещàют очень чàсто.
7. Çàмените действительный зàлог стрàдàтельным.
À) 1. Many people attend the lecture. 2. Someone has eaten the cake. 3. He will leave the ticket on the table. 4. They were discussing the report the whole evening. 5. People speak English in many countries. 6. Snow will cover the fields in winter. 7. Everyone can see the film soon. 8. The gardener has planted some apple –trees. 9. His parents have bought him a new bicycle. 10. They will advertise the product on TV.
Â) 1. An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. 2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone. 3. The Chinese invented paper. 4. They invented photography.
5.The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.
6.Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal mausoleum for his wife who died in 1631. 7. They make Volkswagen cars in Germany. 8. Columbus discovered America.
9.Fleming discovered penicillin. 10. They talked much about that problem.
8. Ïереведите следующие предложения.
1.Âся домàшняя рàботà сделàнà: ошибки испрàвлены, новые словà выучены, предложения переведены, сочинение нàписàно.
2.Òихо! Íе шумите! Îнà сейчàс дàет интервью.
3.Ðàдио «Åвропà-плюс» слушàют во всей Ðоссии.
4.Ýто вкусное блюдо было приготовлено итàльянским повàром.
5.Ìногие современные лекàрствà делàют из рàстений.
6.Ìузыкà к опере «Æенитьбà Ôигàро» былà нàписàнà Ìоцàртом.
7.Ðезультàты экзàменов будут объявлены зàвтрà утром.
8.Íе прикàсàйся к зàбору. Åго только что покрàсили.
9.Âсе деревья и цветы в этом сàду посàжены мною.
10.Îшибкà былà сделàнà очень дàвно, à испрàвленà только сейчàс.
9. Äàйте прàвильный ответ нà следующие вопросы, используя
подскàзки.
1.Was “Mona Lisa” painted by Picasso?
2.Was Mickey Mouse created by Warners?
3.Was the song “Imagine” written by Elvis Presley?
4.Was the film “Titanic” directed by Alfred Hitchcock?
5.Was “Romeo and Juliet” written by Agatha Christie?
6.Was the Parthenon built by the ancient Romans?
7.Was the telephone invented by Siemens?
8.Was America discovered by Marco Polo?
9.Was “The Moonlight Sonata” composed by Tchaikovsky? 10. Were the
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PRODUCTS 133
pyramids built in China?
Leonardo da Vinci, the ancient Egyptians, James Cameron, the ancient Greeks, Walt Disney, John Lennon, Shakespeare, Alexander Bell, Christopher Columbus, Beethoven
10. Ïереведите нà русский язык.
1.The box must be taken to the station.
2.The river can be crossed on a raft.
3.The building of the house can be finished very soon.
4.The books must be returned in two days.
5.Three of these exercises must be done tomorrow.
6.The book you need can be found in any library.
7.The letters must be sent at once.
8.This mistake can be easily everywhere.
9.The doctor says she must be taken to the hospital.
10.Even the tallest trees can be climbed by monkeys.
11.Ïереведите нà àнглийский язык, употребляя Passive Indefinite
после модàльных глàголов.
1.Ðуки нàдо мыть перед кàждой едой.
2.Êомнàты нужно регулярно проветривàть.
3.Êошку нàдо кормить рыбой.
4.Ñобàку можно кормить мясом и овощàми.
5.Ðебенку нàдо дàвàть фрукты.
6.Êниги нàдо положить в шкàф.
7.Ýту кàртину можно повесить нàд кàмином.
8.Êàк можно перевести это слово?
9.Íà что нужно обрàтить внимàние?
10.Íужно зàписàть твой номер телефонà.
12. Ïередàйте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Âведите
любые подходящие подлежàщие, соответственно изменяя
структуру предложения.
Íàпример: 1. The room was cleaned and aired. – Olga cleaned and aired the
room.
2.Have all these books been read?
3.Whom were these letters written by?
4.The letter has just been typed.
5.She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband.
6.I shall not be allowed to go there.
7.He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now.
8.All the questions must be answered.
9.The door has been left open.
10.When will these books be returned to the library?
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Part
VII
