Проектирование, монтаж и эксплуатация теплотехнологического оборудования. Ч. 1
.pdf. |
= |
.d + aw |
(2.12) |
|
2 |
||||
|
|
|
# 5 , ( 0 ( / RS- / 8 ' 8.
* 0 ( , / :
0 ( 5 + R
Q1 = G f c f t f ; |
(2.13) |
/( c f - + 0 ( 5 + (J ( ), |
t f – |
+ RS 5 +, 0 ( +-
,S a f ;
c |
|
= c |
|
a f |
+ c |
100 a f |
, |
(2.14) |
|
f |
a 100 |
100 |
|||||||
|
|
b |
|
|
|||||
( ca cb – + 3 / 3- / +;
/ RS + +
Q2 = D (i i ), |
(2.15) |
/( i i – . / RS / (, ( R
8 [9] ( R ;
' /+ 5
Q3 = Gd R cd td ; |
(2.16) |
30
/( td – + (, 0 ( + -
,S .d .
c |
= c |
|
ad |
+ |
c |
100 ad |
d |
|
a |
100 |
|
b |
100 |
0 ( , / :
+, ,0 ( S + ,
Q4 = Gd (R + 1)(rd + cd td );
r |
= r |
ad |
+ |
r |
100 ad |
, |
|
100 |
|||||
d |
a 100 |
|
b |
|
||
(2.17)
(2.18)
(2.19)
/( ra rb – 3 /
3 / + [7];
,+ +
Q5 = Gw cw tw ; |
(2.20) |
/( tw – + / , 0 ( +
,S aw ;
c |
|
= c |
|
aw |
+ c |
100 aw |
, |
(2.21) |
|
w |
a 100 |
100 |
|||||||
|
|
b |
|
|
|||||
, J RS R ( + R 5 % - S / 3 .
/ ( 0 ( / RS /
8 ' 8
31
D = 1,05 (Q4(+ Q5 )Q1 Q3). i i
0 ( (,, RS 5 ( ' /+,
G( = Gd( R rd ).t2 t1
0 ( (,, RS 5 (-0 (,
G - 0 = Gd (rd +( d (td ) td ))t2 t1
S 5 0 ( 0 J( RS 5 (,
G = G( + G - 0
7 + ' 8 5 ,
D = |
4 V |
, |
|
πω |
|||
|
|
||
|
|
|
(2.22)
(2.23)
(2.24)
(2.25)
(2.26)
/( V – ( ,5 0 ( , ( J S 0 ; ' – - 3 .
T + 0 ( 5 T ( / /-
/
V = V ,
T T
(
32
V = |
V T |
, |
(2.27) |
|
|||
|
T |
|
|
/( , V, J - (, T +, R +
( ,0 0; , V , J - J + ,0 0; V = 22,4 Z, ( Z – + ,5 0 ( ,
Z = |
Gd (R + 1) |
, |
|
(2.28) |
|||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
μ 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
a |
100 a |
|
|
|||
μ+ = μa |
|
+ μb |
|
, |
(2.29) |
||
100 |
100 |
||||||
J = t + 273 , |
|
(2.30) |
|||||
( a b – + + 3 / 3- / +.
( + + ( J 3 / 0 5, J 5 3 5 , 8 +
t |
|
= |
td + t f |
|
; |
t |
|
= |
t f |
+ tw |
; |
|
|||||||
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
t = |
t + t |
; |
|
|
(2.31) |
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
. |
|
= |
.d + . f |
|
; |
. |
= |
|
|
. f + .w |
; |
||||||||
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
. = |
. + . |
|
. |
|
|
(2.32) |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
33
* ( ( / ' ( 3-9 [2]) ( / + J( + h.
'
1 – h = 0,6 +
2 – h = 0,4 +
1
3 – h = 0,3 +
2 4 – h = 0,2 +
3
4
/ J
/ ' ρ ρJ - J (. *
3 / +
|
|
ρ |
= |
|
μ. J |
, |
(2.33) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
. |
|
|
22,4 Jd |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
( |
Jd = td + 273, |
. – + + 3 / |
+; |
|||||
J - + + ,0 0. |
|
|||||||
# J ( 3 / + |
|
|
||||||
|
|
ρ |
= |
|
μb J |
, |
(2.34) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
b |
|
|
22,4 Jw |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
( |
Jw = tw + 273 ; |
b – + + 3 / +. |
||||||
* J ( |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
ρ |
= |
|
ρ. + ρb |
. |
|
(2.35) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
||||
|
|
J |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
34
ω = (0,8...0,9)ω |
(2.36) |
2.2 !7&' &( + -.)&/& # '+ ) ' % +5+% 6+&))&* $ )%+ "-8 ( ' /&)%+ 7+) ')&* +
3 (( 5) ' /+ 3 R > R+ (' +-2.6). 3 R , , . 8-
|
|
|
, 0 (, ' 8 R |
||
|
|
|
( 2.3). |
1 8 , |
|
|
|
|
0 (, ( 1) + - |
||
|
|
|
8 , R |
|
( R |
|
3 |
|
0 ( + (/ R- |
||
|
|
|
S / ) J (- |
||
|
|
|
- . - |
||
|
2 |
|
, , ( 2) - |
||
|
|
|
+ R + R + + +, |
||
|
1 |
|
RS 5 |
+ + + |
|
|
|
3 + T + ,. +- |
|||
|
|
|
|||
R+ |
R |
|
+ , (( ,) , |
||
R |
+ 3 ' /+- |
||||
2.3 - ( - |
/ 3 ( 3) J ( |
||||
+ + + +, ,5 S + |
|||||
+ / ' /+ / 3 +- |
3 ( + + + + |
||||
+ + ( ,0 |
|
||||
|
|
|
,0 . |
||
& 3 + 8 8 +- + + ( ,0 , , 3 , R ' +
* = + 1, // ( , |
(2.37) |
/( - + ,5 .'' 8 .'' J- 5, ,5 + J ,+ 0,15 / (-1; - ,
,, ; 1 - . 8 , ,, // (.
35
7 ( ' /+ / 3 / + 3
+ , ' 8 5 , 0 ( + + ( -
5 ,- ( ( 5 3 - 3 ,0 3 0 ' /+ / 3 R. 7 ,0 3 5
' /+ / 3 ( S ( 3 , ' +-
S = |
Gd (R +1) |
, |
(2.38) |
|
|
||||
|
ρ |
w |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/( w – , + 3 + 3- R ,; w – .
,3 R
w = 7 ρJ , |
(2.39) |
|
|
ρ |
|
|
|
|
/( 7 – .'' 8, S 5 8 (3-
,, 3 ,) + J( + h (
h = 0,2…0,6 + ,+ + R); (-
/ ', ( + 2.3; wJ w – -
J ( ; ( ( 5 8 8
J ( .f ' +:
ρ |
= ρ |
|
= ρ |
a f |
+ ρ |
100 a f |
, |
(2.40) |
|
|
100 |
||||||
J |
|
f |
a 100 |
b |
|
|
||
( wa wb – J ( 0 3 / 3 / +-
+ + tf ( . III [7]); tf – +
+ 8 8 xf (8 2.1);
36
=
0,10 |
|
0,08 |
|
0,06 |
: |
|
0,04
0,02 ;
100 |
300 |
500 |
700 |
|
|
|
h, )) |
2.3 – U 3 .'' 8
' + (2.39)
, – 3 , , & - 3 ,
ρ = |
μ 273 |
|
, |
(2.41) |
||
22,4 |
(273 + t f ) |
|||||
|
|
|
||||
( µ – ( + + 8 8 0 - 3 / y&f
μ = μ. y&f + μb (1 y&f ), |
(2.42) |
/( µ. µb – + + 3 / 3 / +
( . XL [7]).
7 3 ,0 3 5 , T + 5 3
V = S H = S h (n 1), |
(2.43) |
37
/( R – , 5 3 ,; h – + J( -
+.
_+ 3 + , ( R + + ,,
3 +. , , (, R - + , , + (, + ,, *,
' ( +, ( + J , R
+ J 8 60…80 % + ,, +
+ / / ( ( , ( ' /+ ( , ( / 0 ( 5 + , 0 ( (-
/ 0( |
0 , 1 , |
2 ) |
= 1,7 |
+ . |
(2.44) |
& + + / / (, . , (-
3 R3 + ( ' /+,. . + ' /+ / 3 8 ,
( / ( 3 + ,+. & . +
3
= 1,7 + + ( |
(2.45) |
+ , ( ( + ,
, 8 ( 8 + , 8 , . . |
|
= 8 |
(2.46) |
, ++ + , 0
38
= + n |
(2.47) |
|
,- |
|
|
h |
8 ( 3- |
|
|
|
3 |
|
D |
|
( S |
(, + 8 ( 3 5 3, ,- , ( S
= 8 + + ( (2.48)
8 ( 3 5 3 -
, ( , 5, - S 5 3 n + J-
3 ,+ + h , J
( + + , D S 5
3 5 (
|
|
|
|
! |
(n 1)h + H |
|
+ H |
|
(2.49) |
||
8 |
= πD |
|
δρ, |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
/( - + ,, |
( + J |
||||||||||
= 7850 //+3 ; |
H |
|
- , 8 / ( - |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
,- ), H = D , +; |
||||||
0 5 ( |
|||||||||||
H - , - ( J 5 ( |
|||||||||||
( S), H = 2 D , +; |
( - S , |
|
|||||||||
( = 0,008...0,012 |
+ ; |
D = |
4 S |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
||
) |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
,- ( S + J J 3 '- +
39