Проектирование, монтаж и эксплуатация теплотехнологического оборудования. Ч. 1
.pdf
|
W, i”1, #1 |
|
D, i” |
|
|
Go, bo, to, co |
|
G1, b1, t1, c1 |
|
i’ |
|
1.4 – * 8 0 + ( 3 5 , 5
0 ,+ + +
* + +, 3 , 5 , (- ( ,5 ( + , to, S 5 8 8 -
bo.
/ , / 3 -
,0
|
+ G1 c1 t1, |
Q + Go co to = W i1 |
/( Q – 0 ( , / RS + +.
(
! |
|
c1 t1) |
G |
o |
(co to |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Q = W |
(i1 |
W |
c1 t1) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
||
0 ( + 0 /
F = |
|
|
Q |
|
|
, |
k |
! |
|
t |
|
||
|
t |
|
|
|||
1 |
|
1 |
|
|||
(1.53)
(1.54)
(1.55)
20
/( k1 - .'' 8 ( 3 / RS / S- + , &/(+2· ).
3 + , J (1.54)
! |
|
c1 t1) |
G |
o |
(co to |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
W |
(i1 |
W |
|
c1 t1) |
|
|||||||
F = |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
(1.56) |
|
|
k |
! |
|
|
t |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
t |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
||
++ 0 / + / 3 5 , 5
' + 5 (1.51)
|
|
|
! |
|
c1 t1) |
G |
o |
(co to |
|
|
|||
n |
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
(i1 |
W |
|
c1 t1) |
|
||||||||
|
Fi = n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1.57) |
|
|
|
|
! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
i = 1 |
|
|
|
|
k |
t |
|
t |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
||
( 1 , , 3 ( ,5 + (-
3 5 , ( .-
+ + 5 + / 3 5 , 5 .
* + , 3 / ( 5
+ / 3 5 ( + J, - + + ( 3 + . (,
n
i = 1
|
! |
|
cn tn ) |
G |
o |
(co to |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
W |
(in |
W |
cn tn ) |
|||||||||
F |
= n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, (1.58) |
|
|
|
|
! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
i |
|
k |
|
|
t |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
n |
t |
|
n |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
21
/( cn tn - + / +
( 5 ,, 7J/(/· ) ; i - . n
3 / ( 5 , 7J/(/· ); kn - .'' 8
( 3 ( 5 , &/(+2· ).
# + 0 ( / ( 5 ,-
+ 8 8 bo bn , %, (
' + +
c |
|
= c |
|
bo |
|
+ c |
|
|
100 bo |
, |
(1.59) |
||
o |
) 100 |
& '( |
100 |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
c |
|
= c |
|
bn |
|
+ c |
|
|
100 bn |
, |
(1.60) |
||
n |
) 100 |
|
& '( |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
||||||
/( c ) c& '( - + / 0 / S
(,, , 7J/(/· ).
( ( + +, 0 ( 0- J( RS 5 (, + 3 5 (, (
/
|
|
|
, |
Wn in |
+ G c& t& |
= (G + Wn )c& t& |
(
|
|
c& t |
|
|
|
c& |
t |
|
|
||||
G = |
Wn (in |
& ) |
= |
W (in |
& ) |
, |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
c& (t |
|
t |
|
|
|
n c& (t |
|
t |
|
|
||
|
& |
& ) |
|
& |
& ) |
|
|||||||
/( c& - + (,, + J
(1.61)
(1.62)
22
c& = 4,19 +, /( * ); |
t |
|
t |
|
- + 0 J( RS 5 (, |
& |
& |
0 ( ,0 ( (, .
&3 ( ,0 3 + / +,0, S S 0 3 5 ,, + J
( ( RS + , J +:
|
/ = - |
|
D + - |
n |
F |
+ - |
|
G |
, // ( , |
(1.63) |
|
|
|
|
& |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
. i = 1 |
i |
|
|
|
|
|
/( - |
|
-& |
|
- 8 / RS 5 0 J( RS R (, |
|||||||
//; |
- . |
- 3 + 8 R, |
+, J |
||||||||
3 1 +2 0 /, /(+2·/ (); D –
0 ( + / R , //3; - 3 3
, 3// (.
n
* ( 3 D , Fi G 5 (1.44), (1.58) i = 1
(1.62) (1.63), 3 +, // (:
/ = - |
|
|
W |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
0,85 n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
! |
|
|
cn tn ) |
G |
o |
(co to |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
W |
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
(in |
cn tn ) |
|
|||||||||||||
+ - . n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
(1.64) |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
k |
|
! |
|
t |
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n |
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ - |
& |
W (in c& t& ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
n c& (t |
|
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
& |
& ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
23
7 ( + / 3 5, - 3 + + R + ,, 0 ( +
(1.64) ( '' 8 n R (- R R
d/ |
= - |
|
W |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
dn |
|
0,85 n |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! |
|
cn tn ) |
G |
o |
(co to |
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
(in |
cn tn ) |
|
|||||||||||||||
+ - . |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
(1.65) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
k |
|
! |
|
t |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n |
t |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c& t |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
- |
& |
W (in |
& ) |
= 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
n |
2 |
|
|
|
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
c& (t& |
& ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
( + 3 5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
k |
|
! |
|
|
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n |
t |
|
n |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
× |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
! |
|
cn tn ) |
G |
|
|
(co to |
|
||||||||||
|
|
-. |
|
|
|
o |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
n 0 = |
|
|
(in |
W |
|
|
cn tn ) |
. (1.66) |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
! |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in |
c& t& ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
× |
|
0,85 |
|
+ -& |
|
c |
(t |
t |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
& |
|
& |
|
& |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/ 1234.513: 7 )430 2 .823 5 01 &391415, 1 .55( &(:3, &' 355 3 &( .,3513 ; 2)9( (1.66) 53 @ '12 ' @.&10A 25 - ,103932 &391415) 3,6.
+ / 3 + / 3 5 ,- 5 8 S + S R *1&.
24
2
2 2 3 4
U (
3 ' 8 R , / ( 5-
( ( 5 + ( RS 0 ( ,0:
( ;
( 0 ( 5 + G f ;
+ ( J 3 / + 0 ( 5 + a f ;
J ( ad ;
J + aw ;
( / RS / ;
+ / / ( t d;
+ 0 J( RS 5 (, 0 ( t1;
J ,0 ( t2.
2.1 ! ' % +5+% 6+&))&* $)%+
* 8 0 + ( 2.1. + , ( ( / 5 ( +-
, ( 5 .
+ ,5 , ( R
( RS 3 ,
G |
|
= |
G |
+ |
G |
|
|
|
% |
, |
(2.1) |
||
G |
f |
a |
|
d |
G |
a |
w |
+ G |
a |
|
$ |
||
f |
f |
= |
d |
w |
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
d |
|
w |
|
# |
|
|
||||
/( G f , Gd , Gw – 0 (, , 0 ( 5 +, /- / ( / ; a f , ad , aw - ( J -
3 / + 0 ( 5 +, / + (, +
, %.
25
|
|
|
|
II |
|
|
|
|
& , ' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I |
|
III |
|
VII |
IV |
& , ' |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
Gd, ad &&' |
|
( |
|
|
V |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VI |
|
Gw, aw |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
"# |
|
|
VIII |
|
Gf, af |
|
|
|
' |
|
|
|
|
|
) * |
|
|
2.1 – * 8 0 + ' 8 5
I – ' 8 , II – ( ' /+, III – , IV – - ( - 0 (, V – ,5 / / ( ((), VI – ( / 0 ( 5 + ,+ +, VII – ( / 0 ( 5 + +, VIII – ,5 /
0 ( + , ( 3 / + 0 ( 5 +-, ( + ' + +:
|
|
|
|
|
|
a f |
|
|
|
|||
x f |
= |
|
|
|
|
μa |
|
|
|
; |
(2.2) |
|
|
a f |
+ |
100 a f |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
μa |
μb |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
ad |
|
|
|
|||
xd |
= |
|
|
|
|
μa |
|
|
; |
(2.3) |
||
|
ad + |
100 ad |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
μa |
|
|
μb |
|
|
|
|
||
26
|
|
|
|
|
aw |
|
||
xw |
= |
|
|
|
μa |
|
(2.4) |
|
aw + |
100 aw |
|||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
μa |
|
|
μb |
|
||
/( a b – + + 3 / 3 / + +.
( 3 n ' 8 5 - S / ' 3 + + ( + + S R ' 5 ( / ++, ( 5 5 +. 7 . / ( Y, X-
( ( 2.2) ( ( /. ,
( . XLIII [7]) , , R , , J (
( 5 + ( ,0 S 0 + - ,S. * 3 , 0 ' + R ( - 8, 2.1.
# 8 2.1 ,5 +
X, % 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Y, %
t,
( / ++ ( ( 5 5 + ( 2.2).
(, R 0$ 3, RS + -
/ 0w, 0 ( 5 + 0f ( 0d. * ( 3 . 3 . 0 ( + ( 3 / -
0, ,0 J ( y&f . 3 R 3
W. ( + + ' /+ 3 ' +
x y&
R+ = yd& xf , (2.5)
f f
27
/( xd – + ( 3 / + ( (/ + |
||||||||||||
(); xf – J 0 ( 5 J ( ( ) ,; |
||||||||||||
y&f |
- J , + J ( R . |
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% |
60 |
y f |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
y, |
40 |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
W |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
xd |
|
|
|
|
x |
20 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
90 |
100 |
|||
|
|
|
0 w10 |
30 f |
80 |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
X, -% |
|
|
|
|
||
2.2 - _' 3 ( 3 3 0
3 ' /+ 3
R = 1,3 R+ + 0,3 |
(2.6) |
* ( 3 8 8 5, ( 3 / (-
(, ON, 3 / (
' +
ON = |
xd |
|
R + 1 . |
(2.7) |
28
( R 3 N M, J 3 W F + (3-
F 3 3 ( 0 3 0 5 -
0 ( 5 +). FM WF – 3 ,
, 0 5 (RS 5) J 5 (3 , R- S 5) 3 5 ,.
* ( ( 3 / , ( -
, ( 3 5 + J(
5 3 + + MF FW. * ( RR /-
, 3 , R + R
x= xW. % 3 ,0 5
3 3 0 ( +,0 ' 8 5 -
, n .
7 5 3 ( ' +
n |
( |
= |
n |
, |
(2.8) |
|
|||||
|
|
η |
|
||
/( b – *7 , ( +,5 / ' ( 3-7) [2]
/ + 5 J ( J 5 3
R (2.9), , RS + . / '.
η |
= 0,49 (μ |
J |
α) 0,245 |
, |
|
(2.9) |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a |
|
|
|
100 a |
|
|
|||
μJ = μa |
|
+ μb |
|
|
|
, |
(2.10) |
||||
100 |
100 |
|
|||||||||
|
lg α= 9 |
Jb Ja |
, |
|
|
(2.11) |
|||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
Jb + Ja |
|
|
|
||||
/( a b – 3 / 3 / + +-
0 ( 5 +; Ja Jb – R +-
3 ,0 +; . – ( + -
( J 3 / +
29
