Методические указания по выполнению дипломной работы для студентов специализации 1-31 03 02-01 09 «Компьютерная механика» направления специальности 1-31 03 02-01 «Механика (научно-производственная деятельность)»
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Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ȻȿɅɈɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ «Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ»
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ 1-31 03 02-01 09 «Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 1-31 03 02-01 «Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ (ɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ)»
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
Ɇɢɧɫɤ 2 0 1 0
ɍȾɄ 531.1
ɋ ɨ ɫ ɬ ɚ ɜ ɢ ɬ ɟ ɥ ɢ :
Ƚ.ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɯɧɨɜɢɱ, ȿ.ɋ. ɋɟɥɢɰɤɚɹ
Ɋ ɟ ɰ ɟ ɧ ɡ ɟ ɧ ɬ ɵ :
Ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɟɧɤɨ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ȻȽɍ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ;
ɂ.ɋ. Ʉɭɥɢɤɨɜ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ «Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ – ɋɨɫɧɵ» ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɨɜ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
1-31 03 02-01 09 |
«Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ |
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
1-31 03 02-01 |
«Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ |
(ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ |
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ)» ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ȻɇɌɍ.
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɩɪ-ɬ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, 65, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ Ɍɟɥ.(017) 293-91-97 ɮɚɤɫ (017) 292-91-37
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ʋ ȻɇɌɍ/ɆɋɎ25 – 1.2010
©ȻɇɌɍ, 2010
©Ƚ.ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɯɧɨɜɢɱ, ȿ.ɋ. ɋɟɥɢɰɤɚɹ, 2010
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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ |
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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ................................................................................................................. |
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1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌȿ................................... |
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1.1. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ................................................................................ |
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1.2. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɟɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ........................................................................... |
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1.3. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ................ |
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1.4. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧ- |
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ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɚ................................................................................................................... |
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1.5. Ɉɬɡɵɜ ɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ...................................................... |
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1.6. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ............................................................................. |
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1.7. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ......................................................... |
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2. ȼɂȾɕ, ɌȿɆȺɌɂɄȺ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ |
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ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə............................................................................................. |
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2.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ............... |
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2.2. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ................................................. |
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2.3. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ................................................. |
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2.4. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ.............................................. |
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2.5. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ...................................................... |
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3. ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɈɎɈɊɆɅȿɇɂȿ ɉɈəɋɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɁȺɉɂɋɄɂ ....... |
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3.1. Ɍɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ............................................................................................... |
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3.2. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ............................................................................................................. |
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3.3. Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ............................................................................................................. |
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3.4. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ...................................................................................................... |
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3.5. ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ.............................. |
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3.6. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ........................................................................................................... |
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3.7. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ................................................................................................ |
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3.8. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ....................................................................................................... |
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3.9. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ............................................................ |
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3.10. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ................................................................................................... |
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4. ɐȿɅɂ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə.......... |
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5. ɐȿɅɂ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɇɈɊɆɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə.......................................... |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂə ...................................................................................................... |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ⱥ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ............................... |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ȼ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ |
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ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ................................................................................................. |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ȼ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ |
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(ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ) ...................................................... |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ƚ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ................. |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ⱦ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ |
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ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ....................................................... |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ȿ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ........... |
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ɀ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɩɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.................. |
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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
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1.ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌȿ
1.1.Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ (ȽɗɄ) ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
ɐɟɥɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ;
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ;
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ;
ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ.
1.2.ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɟɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.
Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ.
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɍɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɝɞɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜ ɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ, ɨɛɳɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
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1.3. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɫɤɨɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɭɡɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɞɨɰɟɧɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɭɡɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ, ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ȽɗɄ.
Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ:
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ;
ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ-ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ-ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ, ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ;
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɡɵɜ ɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
ɉɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ȼ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
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ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ.
ȼɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ.
ȼɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɭɸ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɭ (Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ. ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ, ɬɟɦɚ, Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ., ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ). ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ, ɜ ɫɪɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɯɨɞɚɬɚɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɨɛ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɭ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ) ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɹɦɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪɭ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɟɦ ȽɗɄ ɞɟɧɶ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ȽɗɄ.
1.4. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɚ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ. ɉɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ɂɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ - ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
9
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɸ ȽɗɄ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ (ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ) ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɂɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɩɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ. ɑɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ. ɉɨɢɫɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɐɟɥɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ:
-ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ, ɭɬɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɢɥɭ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɧɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ;
-ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ;
-ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ:
-ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ) ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ, ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ;
-ɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɥɢɰɚ(ɮɢɪɦɵ). ɑɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨɨɧɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɷɬɚɩɨɦɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɢɫɤɚ;
-ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ: ɟɝɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ.
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ɉɨɢɫɤ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɵɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ. ɉɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ, ɫɬɪɚɧɚ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ:
1.Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
2.Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
3.ɉɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ.
4.ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
5.Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ. ȼ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ:
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ;
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ;
ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ;
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɞɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤ ɩɹɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ: ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ; ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ; ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ; ɲɬɚɦɦɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ; ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ, ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ: ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɭ ɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ; ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɆɄɂ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɹɦ «Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ», «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ» ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚɦ.
Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ - ɩɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ. Ɍɟɦɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɆɄɂ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤ ɆɄɂ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ).
ɉɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ȼ).