Деловое администрирование (на английском языке)

Topic sentence:

3 How do people learn about "hot" new professions? How do they discover their "dream job"? Many people these days go to a career counselor. In some countries, job hopping has become so common that career counseling is now "big business." People sometimes spend large amounts of money for this advice. In Canada and the United States, high school and college students often have access to free vocational counseling services on campus. There is even a career organization, the Five O'clock Club, which helps members to set goals. Members focus on this question: what sort of person do you want to be forty years from now? The members then plan their careers around that goal. All career counselors—private or public—agree on one basic point: it is important for people to find a career that they love. Everyone should be able to think, "I'm having such a good time. I can't believe they're paying me to do this."

Topic:

Topic sentence:

4 After people have determined what their dream job is, they need to find it. The biggest change in job hunting these days is the use of the Internet. More

and more employers are advertising job openings on their computer Websites. More and more job hunters are applying for jobs online. There are also several thousand job boards, among them HotJobs.com, Jobsjobsjobs.com, and Monster.com. Some people think that online job hunting is only for people in technology fields; but this isn't true. Over 65 percent of online job seekers are from nontechnical fields. Even truck drivers now find jobs on the Internet!

Topic:

Topic sentence

5 So how does this work? A job seeker can reply to a "Help Wanted" notion on a company's Website. This person can also post his or her resume (page with information about education and work experience) on one OR many of the online job boards. If a company is interested, the person still has to take the next step the old-fashioned way—actually go to the job interview and perhaps take a skills test! However, even this might soon change. In the near future, companies will be able to give the person a skills test and check his or her background (job history and education) online. But what about the interview? Companies will soon be able to interview the person by videolink, so people can interview for jobs in other cities—or even other countries—without leaving home. Clearly, job hunting is not what it used to be.

Topic:

Topic sentence

Exercises on the text

Ex.1 After you write the topic and topic sentence of each paragraph, exchange your answers with another student. Are your answers the same? Are your topics the same but perhaps in different words? Do you agree about the topic sentences? If you don't agree, give reasons for your answers. One of you might want to change an answer.

Ex. 2 In small groups, talk about your answers to these questions.

1Have you ever gone job hunting? If so, what steps did you take?

2Do you already know what your "dream job" is? If so, what will you need to do to get it?

3In your country, do people go to career counselors? Are there vocational counseling services in high schools and colleges? Have you ever gone to a career counselor for advice?

4Have you ever visited an online job board? If so, tell your group about it.

Ex. 2 Be ready to dwell on:

a)traditional ways of job hunting;

b)your experience of looking for a summer job.

The Job Interview

Ex. 1 Read the rules one should follow before an interview and list them in a correct chronological order.

1 Buy a pen; you will probably be asked to fill in an application form.

2 Never walk into the interview chewing gum, sucking on a sweet or smoking.

3Don’t forget to bring with you samples of your work or letter of recommendation from your teachers or anyone else you might have worked part time for.

4List down your qualifications and experience and think about how they relate to the job. Why should the employer employ you and not somebody else?

5Make sure you know where the interview office and how to get there. Be on time, or better, a few minutes earlier.

6Find as much as you can about the job beforehand. Ask the job centre or employment agency for as much information as possible.

7Never walk into the interview chewing gum, sucking on a sweet or

smoking.

Ex.2 Read Text A and define the best ways of creating a favourable impression at an interview.

Text A HOW TO CREATE A GOOD IMPRESSION AT A JOB INTERVIEW

With unemployment in many countries so high, and often scores of applicants chasing every job, you have to account yourself lucky to be called for an

interview. If it’s your first you are bound to be nervous. But don’t let the jitters sidetrack you from the main issue, which is getting this job. The only way you can do that is by creating a good impression on the person who is interviewing you.

You finally have an interview! Your moment of truth has arrived. To be successful, you should always seek to retain control of the process, and the only way to do this is to have control over the final decision. You can always walk away from a company that you later decide you have no interest in, but you need to remain in positive control to retain the power to pick and choose. Your objective in every interview should be to take yourself one step further toward generating the job offer. You can do that by doing your very best in each and every interview. Treat every interview as if it were the only one you will ever get with that company and your only opportunity to convince them that you are the right candidate for the position. Although there may be several interviews before the eventual offer, you must score positively in each interview.

The interview is designed to find out more about you and to see if you are suitable for the job.

And now let’s consider the interview for a moment. You will be spending twenty to thirty minutes in a tiny cubicle with a total stranger. This person will subsequently decide whether you will ever have a chance of working for their company. The best you can hope for is to avoid being disqualified, which only takes you one step further into the interviewing maze. One little mistake, one little error, and you could be history. So to survive there you should follow some rules.

First of all, the interview is not the place to exhibit your flair for the latest in fashion style. Even though many companies have relaxed the internal company dress code, interviews still follow the conservative standard. Don't buck the trend. Remember that stylish is not conservative. You should be doing the talking, not your clothes. Here is a piece of advice, how to dress for an interview.

How you dress and act during an interview can be as important in creating an impression as what you have to say. Every employee becomes an individual representative of the organization. That’s why employers prefer to hire men and woman whose appearance and overall behaviour present a positive image. Dress in good taste. While many employers encourage individuality, let basic good taste determine how you dress for an interview.

Men and Women

Conservative two-piece business suit (solid dark blue or grey is best).Conservative long-sleeved shirt/blouse (white is best, pastel is next best). Clean, polished conservative shoes. Well-groomed hairstyle. Clean, trimmed fingernails. Minimal cologne or perfume. Empty pockets, no bulges or tinkling coins. No gum, candy or cigarettes. Light briefcase or portfolio case. No visible body piercing (nose rings, eyebrow rings, etc.)

Men

Necktie should be silk with a conservative pattern. Dark shoes (black laceups are best). Dark socks (black is best). Get a haircut; short hair always fares best in interviews. No beards. Mustaches are a possible negative, but if you must, make sure it is neat and trimmed. No rings other than wedding ring or college ring. No

earrings (if you normally wear one, take it out)

Women

Always wear a suit with a jacket; no dresses. Shoes with conservative heels. Conservative hosiery at or near skin color. No purses, small or large; carry a briefcase instead. If you wear nail polish (not required), use clear or a conservative color. Minimal use of makeup (it should not be too noticeable). No more than one ring on each hand. One set of earrings only. One final note on interview dress: while it goes without saying that your interview clothes should be neat and clean.

As you prepare for the interview process, remember one thing. The purpose of an interview is not to intimidate you or to put you through an uncomfortable ordeal. It’s to find a man or woman who has something to offer an organization, and to interest that person in working for that employer. The interview is the most efficient way (in a relatively short time) for you and the representative of an employer to get to know each other. Interviewers wouldn’t be meeting with you if they weren’t interested in the possibility of hiring you. Like everyone else, you have attributes that make you valuable employee. Evaluate yourself honestly. Have confidence in your abilities, and you may be surprised to learn that an interview can be valuable and enjoyable experience.

Here is how to get ready for your interview.

Exercises on the text

Ex. 1 Answer the questions.

1Why is it important to know all about the company for which you are going to work before you go for an interview?

2What is the purpose of the interview?

3How should you dress to present a positive image?

4What is ‘to act properly in an interview’?

5Why is it important to score positively at an interview?

The smart job-seeker needs to rid himself / herself of several standard myths about interviewing before he start pounding the pavement looking for a job. What follows is a list of some of these untruths and some tips to help you do your best at your next interview.

Myth 1:The aim of interviewing is to obtain a job offer.

Only half true. The real aim of an interview is to obtain the job you want. So, before you do back-flips for an employer, be sure you want the job.

Myth 2: Always please the interviewer

Not true. Try to please yourself. Giving answers that you think will suit a potential employer, loosing touch with your own feelings are certain to get you nowhere. Of course not hostile-nobody wants to hire someone disagreeable. But there is plainly a middle ground between being too ingratiating and being hostile.

Myth 3: Try to control the interviewer.

Nobody ‘controls’ an interview - neither you nor the interviewer-although one or both parties often try. When somebody tries to control us, we resent it.

Remember, you can’t control what an employer thinks of you, just as he /she can’t control what you think of him/her. Never dominate the interview. Compulsive behaviour turns off your authenticity.

Myth 4: Never interrupt the interviewer.

Good advice. Study the style of an effective conventionalist; he interrupts and is interrupted! We feel comfortable with people who allow us to be natural. So when interviewing, half the responsibility lies with you. Do you seem uptight? Try being yourself for a change. Leaving an employer indifferent is the worst impression you can make.

Myth5. Don’t disagree with the interviewer

Another silly myth. If you don’t disagree at times, you become, an effect, a ‘yes’ person. Don’t be afraid to disagree with your interviewerin an agreeable way. And don’t hesitate to change your mind. The conversational wisdom says ‘be yourself’, true enough.

Ex. 2 Make a list of things you should do before you come to the interview and a list of things you shouldn’t do during the interview.

Ex. 3 Comment on the statements.

1The more prepared for the interview you are the better, because

being ready will help you overcome any feeling of panic and anxiety that may develop.

2The purpose of the interview is to find the right person to the job and to make him or her interested in working for the employer.

3Job hunting is a serious business, though sometimes it is like playing a game, which you can’t play without knowing its rules.

Ex. 4 Write down some sort of instruction for the job hunters who have been called for an interview for the first time. Be precise in defining the main points and make it short.

Ex. 5 Express your point of view on the problem whether clothes make a man at an interview in written form (not less than 200 words).

Ex. 6 Get ready for the class simulation.

a) Read all the information. Analyze all questions, be ready to answer

them.

QUESTIONS INTERVIEWERS ASK Personal:

1Tell me about yourself. (Expand on your resume in two minutes or less. Do not discuss personal information).

2What are your hobbies?

3What are your hobbies?

4What do you know about our organization?

5Describe your ideal job.

6What do you consider to be your strengths/ weaknesses?

7What 2 or 3 accomplishments have given you the most satisfaction and

why?

8Who are your role models? Why?

9What motivates you most in a job?

10Have you ever had difficulty in getting along with a former supervisor / coworker? How did you handle it?

11What was the most useful criticism you’ve ever received, and who was it from?

12Do you prefer large or small organizations? Why?

13What have you learned from your mistakes?

Education:

1Why did you choose your major/college/university?

2In which campus activities did you participate?

3Which classes did you like best/least? Why?

4If you were to start your college career over again, what would do different, and why?

5What is your grade point average? Does this accurately reflect your ability? Why/why not?

6Have you held any leadership roles? What is your leadership style?

7Were you financially responsible for any portion of college education?

Experience:

1What job related skills have you developed?

2Describe your previous work experience. What were your responsibilities? What did you learn?

3How does your college education or work experience relate to this job?

4Which job did you enjoy most? Least? Why?

5Have you ever quit a job?

6How do you think a former supervisor would describe you work?

7In what ways do you think you could make a contribution to this company?

Career goals / other:

1What are your short-term goals? Long-term goals?

2Do you prefer to work under supervision or on your own?

3What qualities do you look for in a supervisor?

4What are your thoughts about relocation?

5What geographic location do you prefer?

6Describe your ideal work environment.

7Why do you think you would be successful in this career?

8What are your plans for continued education?

9Why should we hire you?

You are expected to ask questions about the position or the company during an interview. These questions should relate to the specific requirements of job and /or should show you’ve done research into the organization. Do not ask questions regarding information that was available on the company’s website or literature! This will show you haven’t done your research!

About the job

1What are some of the skills and abilities necessary for someone to succeed in the job?

2What are the traits and skills of people who are the most successful within this organization?

3What do you consider to be the most challenging aspects of this job?

4How is performance measured and reviewed?

5What are some objectives you would like to see accomplished in this job?

6Is this a new position or a replacement?

7Why did this person leave this job?

8What kind of work might I be doing in the first six months of the job?

9What is your method of training and orienting new employees?

10Can you describe a typical day for someone in this position?

11What is the top priority for someone who accepts this job?

12When do you expects to make a decision on this position?

About the department

1How many employees are in this department?

2Who are the other persons with whom I would work in this position?

3With what other key individuals/groups does this person interface?

About the company

1 What are the company’s values?

2Could you explain your organizational structure to me?

3Where does this position fit in the organization?

4Can you describe the company’s management style

5What are the company’s policy regarding ongoing training and education so that employees can keep up with their skills or acquire new ones?

Deadly questions to ask in an interview

What is the salary for this job?

How much vacation and sick leave will I get? When will I be promoted?

Ex. 7 Class simulation.

In this simulation half the class will be playing the role of interviewers and the other half the role of candidates. Each panel of interviewers are members of a firm of consultants, and they will interview several candidates for both jobs advertised. Decide which members of the class are going to play the roles of candidates, and which are going to be the interviewers. Follow the instructions on the left or on the right below, according to your role.

1.Interviewers: Work with the other members of your panel. Decide what questions you are going to ask each candidate. What personal qualities are you looking for? Are you going to be kind to the candidates or give them a hard time?

Candidates: choose one of the jobs advertised. Write a letter of application for it to accompany your CV if possible, make copies of your letter and your CV so that each panel has a copy of each to study before the interview.

2. Interviewers: Read the letters of application and the CV you receive. Decide which candidates look promising and what special questions you will ask each one.

Candidates: Work with another candidates and decide what impression you are going to create.

3.Now it’s time for the interview to take place. Each interview panel should have their “OFFICE» in a different part of the room. Candidates go to a different

‘office ‘ for each interview. Your teacher will tell you how much time is available for each interview and work out a timetable that allows time for panels to see at least three candidates. Each panel must stick to this schedule, so that other panels are not kept waiting.

Candidates: Between interviews you should wait in a separate room or in the corridor.

4. When the interviews have finished, all the candidates and all the interviewers should meet in separate areas.

Interviewers: Tell the other panels about the candidates you have interviewed. You can recommend up to three people for both posts. Decide which candidates will be short-listed.

Candidates: imagine that you are meeting in a local café or a bar. Tell the other candidates how you got on at your interviews. What would you have done differently? Which of the panels conducted the best interviews? What advice would you give them about their interviewing techniques? Decide which panels were the best.

5. Now meet again as a class.

Interviewers: Announce your short lists of successful candidates.

Candidates: Announce which panels you voted ‘top interviewers’

Ex 9: Write a report on the situation “How to create a good impression at a job interview”.

Text A: Employment Agencies

In Britain there is a special service for school leavers, the Careers Advisory Service, which helps young people who are looking for their first job. Careers Officers give practical advice on interview techniques, application forms, letters, pay, National Insurance and Trade Unions.

One business organization that you may use when you are job-hunting(1) is an employment agency. There are the state employment services and nonprofit agencies that do not receive fees for finding jobs for people. There exist also some private employment agencies which receive a fee. Some employment agencies see applicants without an appointment. These include the state employment services and nonprofit agencies. Counselors there may spend a few minutes with each applicant.

But an agency that deals with technical and higher-salaried jobs, spends much more time with each applicant. Appointments are necessary in this type of agency, where a counselor may be able to see only a few applicants a day.

An interview for any kind of job, whether the interview is obtained through a friend, classified advertisement, or an agency, generally requires an appointment. It is important to be on time for your appointment. If you have made an appointment and cannot keep it, or if you will be more than ten minutes late, you should always call the interviewer. If you do not cancel the appointment or notify the interviewer that you will be late, you will create a negative impression on your possible employer.

To make efficient use of time, American business people schedule their days hour by hour. In most American business situations, appointments are a necessary courtesy.

Note: job-hunting - looking for work

Text В: "....They Live by the Appointment Book."

Victor had recently arrived in the United States, and he did not completely understand the need for appointments. He thought his friend was exaggerating.

One day he went to an employment agency. This agency specialized in placing people according to their qualifications. Victor wanted to start working as soon as possible so that he could afford his own apartment.

When he arrived at the agency at 10 a.m. the receptionist said to him, "Do you have an appointment?" Victor looked around the office and said, "No, I don't, but I see that there are very few people waiting here. I'm sure the counselor can see me. "The receptionist answered, "I'm sorry. This agency works by appointment only." She told him to leave his resume, fill out an application, and make an appointment. Victor did not have a resume, but he was able to get an appointment in two days.

Before dinner that evening, Victor dropped in on his friend Andre. He told Victor again why sometimes in America you cannot just drop in. Victor then turned to his friend and said, "Andre, you are right. In America you don't live from day to day — you live from appointment to appointment!"

(adapted from "Working World" by Baskin M.)

1. Find in texts A and В equivalents for the following words and phrases:

1) быть готовым к переменам (изменениям); 2) создать положительное/ отрицательное впечатление; 3) заполнить анкету для поступления на работу; 4) решить, принять решение; 5) приобрести знания/опыт работы; 6) дать детальную информацию; 7) час за часом; 8) эффективно использовать; 9) предлагать что-либо (советовать); 10) подбирать работу согласно квалификации; 11) специализироваться в области; 12) самооценка; 13) обратиться к кому-либо; 14) изучать что-либо (пойти на курсы).

2. Match the idioms in column A with definitions in column B.