Английский язык для инженеров-механиков

Reading task

11. Read the text carefully.

«Scientists investigate that which already is. Engineers create that which never was.» ALBERT EINSTEIN

Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools. It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines.

Mechanical engineering appeared as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th century. However, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. As science, mechanical engineering appeared in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of physics. Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering.

Mechanical engineers use these core principles and tools like com- puter-aided engineering to design and analyze electric generators, internal combustion engines, turbines, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, machine-tools and other machinery.

The mechanical engineer is the jack-of-all trades among engineering professions. This is because the profession requires education and skills that span a broad range of technical, social, environmental, and economic problems. In general, however, the mechanical engineer is concerned with controlling the principles of motion, energy, and force through mechanical solutions.

Mechanical engineers are constantly being asked to make decisions. They must decide the size, shape, and material of every part of every mechanical product that is created. They also have to determine the best and most efficient ways to manufacture the products. Often those decisions are made in co-operation with other types of engineers. Some of the decisions they make can mean the difference between life and death:

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the safety features of automobiles, for example, are the responsibility of mechanical engineers.

Practically every company that designs and produces a product employs a mechanical engineer. But mechanical engineers can also be found in research labs, the military, government, and in other professions such as medicine, or teaching.

Engineers must combine a good understanding of science, mathematics, and computers with a good knowledge of current technology. In addition to the sciences and math, engineers need good communication skills. Besides, a second language can be extremely valuable because many large industrial firms that employ mechanical engineers are multinational.

At the university level, mechanical engineering students learn advanced mathematics, chemistry, and physics. After some of these core courses, mechanical engineering students take specialized courses in fluid mechanics, materials science, robotics, manufacturing processes, thermodynamics, environmental sciences.

After starting coursework in mechanical engineering, it is useful to have a summer engineering job. It helps you learn the "real world" of engineering and offers an opportunity to apply all the theories and principles taught in class. Besides, it can also help you determine your professional likes and dislikes, your strengths and weaknesses.

Mechanical engineers often continue their education throughout their careers, because technology changes rapidly. Many of the skills a student learned at the university will become out of date after only a few years.

Comprehension check

12.Continue the phrases.

1.A summer engineering job helps you…

2.After starting coursework in mechanical engineering…

3.Engineers must combine…

4.Many of the skills a student learned at the university…

5.Mechanical engineering involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for…

6.Mechanical engineering requires an understanding of…

7.Mechanical engineers can also be found in…

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8.Mechanical engineers take specialized courses in…

9.The development of mechanical engineering can be traced back several…

10.The mechanical engineer is concerned with…

13.Insert the missing words.

1.… mechanical engineering students learn advanced mathematics, chemistry, and physics.

2.… the sciences and math, engineers need good communication skills.

3.A summer engineering job can also help you determine… .

4.As science, mechanical engineering appeared in the 19th century … in the field of physics.

5.In general the mechanical engineer is concerned with controlling the principles of … through mechanical solutions.

6.Mechanical engineering appeared as a field … in Europe in the 18th century.

7.Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies … for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.

8.Practically every company that … employs a mechanical engineer.

9.The mechanical engineer is … among engineering professions.

14.State whether the statements are true or false. Correct if necessary.

1.A coursework in mechanical engineering helps you learn the "real world" of engineering and offers an opportunity to apply all the theories and principles taught in class.

2.As science, mechanical engineering appeared in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of chemistry.

3.Many large multinational industrial firms employ mechanical engineers.

4.Mechanical engineering appeared as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 19th century.

5.Mechanical engineers can never be found in medicine, or teaching.

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6.Mechanical engineers design and analyze electric generators, internal combustion engines, turbines, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, machine-tools and other machinery.

7.Mechanical engineers don’t continue their education throughout their careers.

8.Mechanical engineers make decisions in co-operation with other types of engineers.

9.None of the decisions that mechanical engineers make mean the difference between life and death.

10.The safety features of automobiles are not the responsibility of mechanical engineers.

15.Answer the questions.

1.What is mechanical engineering?

2.Is mechanical engineering the oldest or the newest engineering discipline?

3.When did mechanical engineering appear as a field? As a science?

4.Mechanical engineering overlaps with other branches of engineering, doesn’t it?

5.Why is the mechanical engineer the jack-of-all trades among engineering professions?

6.Where can mechanical engineers be employed?

7.Why is it valuable for a mechanical engineer to know a second language?

8.What knowledge and skills must mechanical engineers have?

9.What disciplines do mechanical engineering students study?

10.Why is it useful for a mechanical engineering student to have a summer engineering job?

11.Why do mechanical engineers often continue their education throughout their careers?

Vocabulary practice

16. Complete the text translating the words in brackets.

The term ‘engineering’ is a modern one. Dictionaries (1) … (определяют) the word ‘engineering’ as the (2) … (практическое) applica-

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tion of scientific and mathematical (3) … (принципы). Nowadays the term ‘engineering’ means, as a rule, the art of (4) … (проектирования), constructing, or using (5) … (двигателей).

Engineering is divided into many (6) … (отрасли). Up to 1750s there were only two main branches of engineering – (7) … (гражданское) and military. It is well-known that with the invention of the steam engine and the growth of factories some civil engineers became interested in the practical application of (8) … (механика) and (9) … (термодинамика) to the machine design. They split off and were called

(10) … (инженеры-механики).

17. Match the words with their definitions.

(g)petroleum engineering

1.Engineering activities related to the production of crude oil (сырая нефть) or natural gas.

2.The branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction such public works as roads, dams, bridges, or harbours.

3.The branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction and operation of machinery.

4.The branch of engineering that deals with the development, design and testing of aircrafts and space vehicles.

5.The branch of engineering that deals with the use of chemistry in industry.

6.The branch of engineering that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication.

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7.Use of computers during the planning design and analysis of engineering projects.

18.Look and identify the products. Match each of the products with one of engineering disciplines (ex 17). Justify your answer.

Language focus

19. Match the synonyms.

1) branch; 2) company; 3) create; 4) principle; 5) rapidly a) concept; b) field; c) firm; d) make; e) quickly

20. Match the antonyms.

1) current; 2) likes; 3) life; 4) safety; 5) strength

a) danger; b) death; c) dislikes; d) out of date; e) weakness

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21. Translate the following phrases paying attention to the underlined words that can be verbs, nouns, adjectives or adverbs without changing their form and adding suffixes.

1.core course; core principle; core concept

2.to choose a career; technical career; engineers continue their education throughout their careers

3.the development of the engine; industrial development

Reading Practice

22. Here are 6 principles of preparing for an engineering career. Look through them and try to predict what each of them is about. Then read the abstracts below and match them with the corresponding principles.

1.Develop problem-solving skills.

2.Study successful people.

3.Examine yourself carefully and honestly.

4.Acquire an interdisciplinary technical education.

5.Prepare for the non-technical aspects of your technical career.

6.Develop practical skills.

(…)Watch them carefully to see what you can learn. They tend to have a great personal interest, a personal relationship with their technology. They usually have a passion for their work.

(…)Practise relevant summer work experience. This experience can be an advantage over other students and guarantee a minimum level of engineering competence.

(…)Try to understand your drawbacks. Strengthen your weaknesses.

(…)Companies need engineers who can understand the nature of in- ter-branch (межотраслевых) disciplines.

(…)Problem-solving skills are the most obvious manifestation of an initiative process and God-given engineering talent. But on the other hand, everyone has some degree of talent and even gifted people have to develop their gifts. You should develop those abilities by struggling with problems by yourself, ideally starting in early childhood.

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(…) Narrow technical skills may get you in the door, but what moves you up in the ladder will be the things like the ability to communicate, to cooperate with people.

Writing Practice

23. Translate the text. Write a short paragraph summarizing it.

Mechanical engineering involves production, transition and use of mechanical power.

Mechanical engineers design, operate and test all kinds of machines. They develop and build engines that produce power from steam, petrol, nuclear fuels, and other sources of energy. They also develop and build different machines that use power, including heating and ventilation equipment, cars, machine tools, and industrial-processing equipment. Mechanical engineers are involved in every phase in the development of a machine, from the construction of an experimental machine to the installation of the finished machine and training of the workers who use it.

Mechanical engineers work in many industries, such as power generation, public utilities, transportation, and all types of manufacturing. Many mechanical engineers concentrate on research and development because new types of machinery are continually needed. Mechanical engineers are involved in every other branch of engineering, whenever a new or improved machine, device or piece of equipment is required.

Speaking practice

24. Read the text. Comment on each point. What else would you add to the list? Why?

An Engineer’s Duties

The Main Duties:

1.An engineer must have a good understanding of documents (standards, specifications).

2.An engineer must know how to draw parts of mechanisms.

3.An engineer must study the structure of materials and their properties.

4.An engineer should be able to remove breaking-downs of machines and equipment.

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5. An engineer must use other countries’ experience.

6.An engineer must follow safety rules.

The Related Tasks:

1.An engineer should learn to work in a team.

2.An engineer is supposed to assist his/her colleagues.

3.An engineer is to guide other specialists and workers.

4.An engineer should develop his/her communication skills.

5.An engineer should be able to explain and find arguments for promoting and advertising innovative methods, materials, issues.

6.An engineer should develop his/her practical and personal abilities by studying foreign languages.

25.How do you understand Albert Einstein’s words, “Scientists investigate that which already is. Engineers create that which never was.”?

Summarizing

26.Speak on why you chose the career of a mechanical engineer.

27.Think and speak on:

a)what the term ‘engineering’ means;

b)the history of mechanical engineering;

c)what mechanical engineering students study at the university;

d)how to become a good engineer.

28. Discuss with your group mates or in pairs whether it is essential for an engineer to know foreign languages.

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UNIT 2

SIMPLE MACHINES

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