Water-Supply Engineering and Sewage Disposal. В 2 ч. Ч. 1

5.There are thousands of subdivisions of engineering.

6.At present there are hundreds of subdivisions of engineering, besides civil, mechanical, electrical or chemical engineering.

7.Engineers attempt to explain phenomena, whereas scientists construct solutions to problems.

8.Construction projects range from the building of huge dams to the design of tiny electronic circuits.

9.Civil engineers cooperate with architects in designing and erecting all types of buildings.

10. It is the mechanic who designs and constructs steam engines, turbines, air conditioning and refrigeration devices, as well as conveyors, escalators and elevators.

11. It is still possible to find only two branches of engineering not only in Italy, but also in some other countries, the ones that were occupied by the Roman legions.

12. Most of the specialized fields of engineering have been developed since the early 18th century.

13. Mechanical engineering appeared with the invention of diesel engine.

14. Electrical engineering appeared with the development of the science of electricity in the 19th century.

15. Today, new fields of engineering are continually appearing as a result of scientific and technological advance.

55. Answer the following questions.

1.What is engineering?

2.What is the etymology of the words “engineer” and “engineering”?

3.What are the proper Russian equivalents for “engineering”?

4.What are the most important branches of engineering?

5.What is the main difference between the work of engineers and architects?

6.The field of engineering includes a wide variety of activities, doesn’t it? What are the examples of such activities?

7.What does civil engineering deal with? What does the work of civil engineers include?

8.Who do civil engineers cooperate with to design and erect all types of buildings?

9.Is the art of building houses considered to be an ancient one?

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10.At the time of the Roman Empire there existed two branches of engineering - civil and industrial engineering, didn’t there?

11.Have most of the specialized fields of engineering been developed since the middle of the 18th century?

12.When did mechanical and electrical engineering appear?

13.As a result of what are new fields of engineering emerging nowa-

days?

56.Find key words and phrases which best express the general meaning of each paragraph.

57.Write a summary of the text.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

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3. It is impossible to speak of present-day engineering without mentioning chemical engineering.

A.Не стоит упоминать химическое машиностроение, говоря о современном инженерном искусстве.

B.Невозможно говорить о современном строительстве, не раскрыв значения химического машиностроения.

C.Невозможно говорить о современном инженерном искусстве, не упомянув химическое машиностроение.

63. Translate the following words and word combinations into English.

Инженерное искусство (инженерия); отрасли инженерии; специализированные отрасли; промышленное и гражданское строительство; материаловедение; проектирование, строительство и эксплуатация; инженер-строитель; научные знания; научные принципы; сооружение; наука и техника; технология; научно-технический прогресс; строительная площадка; чертеж; СНиП; навыки/умение; строительный материал; строительный объект; решение задач; управление водными ресурсами; современные производственные процессы; гидроэлектростанция; электроэнергия; градостроительство/городское планирование; реконструкция города; загрязнение окружающей среды; двигатель/мотор; станок; паровой двигатель; устройство; оборудование; строительство домов, дорог и мостов; плотина; туннель; шоссе; трубопровод; канализационная система; система водоснабжения (водопровод); канал (искусственный); заниматься (чем-л.); сосредоточить свое внимание на; подразделяться на; означать / иметь значение; происходить от; проектировать; строить; возводить; создавать; усовершенствовать; появляться; применять знания на практике; сотрудничать с архитекторами; тесно сотрудничать; специализироваться в; четкие границы.

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SPEAKING PRACTICE

64. Get ready to speak about engineering and the work of an engineer.

TEXT D

VOCABULARY WORK

65. Read the following international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stressed syllables. Prove that these words are international ones.

Model: problem ə проблема; вопрос; задача; сложная ситуация; трудность, затруднение

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READING PRACTICE

71. Answer the following question and read the text carefully to check your answer.

What does water-supply engineering deal with?

Text D Water-Supply Engineering and Sewage Disposal

“Water is fundamental to life and health”

United Nations Committee on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights (2002)

Water-supply engineering is a branch of civil engineering. It is a complex of activities concerned with the supply of water to its various consumers – community, industrial enterprises, transport, etc.

This discipline based on various branches of technical sciences has a complex character. The complex charac-

ter is determined by the necessity of solving a complex of complicated engineering tasks connected with design, construction and operation of water supply systems. These systems include various facilities providing acquisition, treatment and delivery of water in demanded quantities and of adequate quality to water consumers.

The study of the course in water-supply engineering is based on the knowledge of a number of general technical and specialized disciplines:

1.For solving the tasks of acquisition of water from natural water sources the knowledge of hydrology, hydrogeology (groundwater hydrology), hydrotechnics (hydraulic engineering) and drilling technology is needed.

2.The solution for problems of water treatment technology is possible with sufficient knowledge of water chemistry and hydrobiology.

3.Planning and designing of water-supply networks and water facilities based on the laws of hydraulics require profound knowledge of this discipline.

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