Water-Supply Engineering and Sewage Disposal. В 2 ч. Ч. 1

dams would affect their supply of fresh water. What is required immediately is an awareness of the true value of water and the formation of sensible water conservation strategies. It is also of vital importance to have a consensus on how best to use shared water resources for the benefit of all the countries in the world as well as an examination of the best methods of the distribution of the world’s water.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

60. Complete the sentences according to the text.

1.Water, which is essential for life, … . On the other hand, diamonds, which are essential for nothing, … .

2.In a number of countries people pay as much for water in their homes … .

3.When the well’s dry, we know … .

4.Once there is a threat to our water supply, however, … .

5.Without water, there can be … .

6.There is now no longer an unlimited supply of … .

7.About 97 percent of the planet’s water is … . Another 2 percent is locked in … .

8.To make matters worse, the world's population is increasing so rapidly that … .

9.Moreover, in many developed countries throughout the world, flush lavatories and washing machines mean … .

10. At the other extreme, one quarter of the world's present population still lacks … .

11. Most live in the southern hemisphere, where … .

12. The supply of water could soon become … .

13. What is required immediately is … .

14. It is also of vital importance to have a consensus on … .

61.Write a summary of the text.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

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62. Translate the words and phrases printed in italics in the text.

a.сразу

b.непосредственно

c.незамедлительно

63.Match 1-10 to a-j to form complete sentences.

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64. Choose the right variant. Comment on your choice.

Water is essential for life. However, (like/as/such as) the air we breathe, water is something that we often take for granted. It is (easy/ uneasy/easily) to take something for granted when it is always there. In places rich with clean water resources, (these/there/their) are watered lawns, clean cars and long showers. Comprehending the global need for water (are/is/it is) difficult when wells are abundant and public waterworks are aptly funded – the tap turns and the water comes out. It is unimaginable to even think of walking great distances (everyday/every day/per day) to throw a bucket into a swamp and call what comes out drinking water.

The need is so vast that (some/any/no) single solution will work in every case; therefore, there is room for various creative solutions. The need (of/to/for) clean water will continue to grow (as/however/but) the global population increases. In the developing world, wells are (enough/ too/such) expensive for impoverished villages to afford (because of/ because/due to) they require skilled workers and specialized heavy equipment. To top it all off, subterranean water (is not/are not/is no) always available, and surface water is generally not safe to (drink/ drinking/drank). (Another/ Other/Others) innovations are necessary, and tremendous steps are being taken to bring water to (this/that/these) communities.

65. Insert the appropriate word.

lack, protect, flush, misused, management, worse, increase, stress, purposes, droughts, precious, ecosystems

1. The world is currently in a water crisis. A ______ of water to meet daily needs is a reality today for one in three people around the world.

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2.Globally, the problem is getting ______ as cities and populations grow, and the needs for water ______ in agriculture, industry and households.

3.Water is an essential resource for life and good health. The WHO urges everyone to be part of efforts to conserve and ______ this resource.

4.Water conservation is the protection, development, and efficient

______ of water resources for beneficial ______.

5.Regions throughout the world are experiencing water shortages, due to both ______ and overuse of water.

6.According to the Washington Post in 2005, "Just one ______ of a toilet in the West uses more water than most Africans have to perform an entire day's washing, cleaning, cooking and drinking."

7.There is no resource more ______ than water. There is also no resource that is ______, abused, misallocated, and misunderstood the way water is.

8.Safe drinking water, healthy and intact natural ______, and a stable food supply are a few of the things at risk as our water supply is put under greater and greater ______.

READING PRACTICE

66. The following newspaper report contains much of the same information as that in Text D. However, one additional important problem has been included. Scan the text to find out what this problem is.

Possible Water Shortage

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g “There is now no of five from diarrhea reduce fertilizers and longer an unlimited caused by polluted pesticides.

supply of fresh water, water. and international competition for it is grow-

ing. As demand grows, the competition will grow fiercer, more violent," he said.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

67. Read the newspaper report once again and answer the following questions.

1.What are the two chief reasons for the water crisis?

2.What could the result be if the crisis is ignored?

3.What conference did Dr. Ramachandran preside over?

4.How many people are without safe water and sanitation?

5.In what part of the world will most of the increase in the world’s population occur?

6.What happens to 1.5 percent of children in developing countries?

7.Why may there be a demand to reduce intensive farming?

8.What evidence is there that serious water shortage has recently affected health?

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3.Problem will be made worse.

(What about the world’s population?)

__________________________________________________________

(What about the present situation in developing countries?)

__________________________________________________________

4.Problem also made worse by developed countries.

(What about pollution there, etc.?)

__________________________________________________________

5. Likely action to be taken.

(What three recommendations may be made by the Conference?)

__________________________________________________________

70. Write the summary of the newspaper report, using the points listed in Exercise 69, together with the notes you have made.

Global Water Crisis

Did you know that ...

Although a person can live without food for more than a month, he or she can only live without water for approximately one week.

Worldwide, more than 884 million people lack access to clean water.

More than a billion people in

the world are currently in need of safe drinking water and more than two billion people lack adequate sanitation.

Water-related diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, taking the lives of 6,000 people a day.

More than a million people die each year from preventable diseases caused by contaminated water.

Every 15 seconds, a child dies from a preventable disease related to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.

2 million children die each year due to a lack of clean water and inadequate sanitation.

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72. Using a dictionary to help you, complete each blank in the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the list above.

1. A long bridge carrying a road or railway is called a viaduct. A long bridge carrying water is called an _________.

2.Swimming, skin-diving, sailing and water skiing are all

_________ sports.

3.Electricity produced by the force of water is called _________

power.

4._________ brakes work by using compressed fluid to supply the braking force.

5.The _________ is very mountainous, making it difficult to build

roads.

6.Countries which had powerful navies were often referred to as great _________ powers.

7._________ refers to the study of the movements of parts of the Earth.

8.A fire _________ is a water pipe in the street from which water may be taken for public use in times of emergencies — for example, for fighting fires or for distributing water during severe water shortages.

73. Using the information from Exercise 71, choose the best ending for the following sentences.

1.An aquamarine jewel is … .

A. reddish-brown B. light yellow C. dark purple D. bluish-green

2.A hydrofoil can travel at high speed … .

A. through the air B. over the water

C. by both land and sea D. on land

3.A marina is … .

A.a tank for keeping fresh fish

B.an aircraft with two sets of wings

C.an area of mountainous country

D.a harbor for pleasure boats

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