Unit 1

Introduction

Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. The purpose of this work is to study the history of the development of the package and to value actuality of using of different types of package during our days. Packaging has several objectives, in the correspondence with which it was developed and finally, it grew into an independent industry. Here are some of them:

Physical protection - The objects enclosed in the package may require protection from, among other things, shock, vibration, compression, temperature, etc.

Barrier protection - A barrier from oxygen, water vapor, dust, etc., is often required. Permeation is a critical factor in design. Some packages contain desiccants or Oxygen absorbers to help extend shelf life. Modified atmospheres or controlled atmospheres are also maintained in some food packages. Keeping the contents clean, fresh, and safe for the intended shelf life is a primary function.

Containment or agglomeration - Small objects are typically grouped together in one package for reasons of efficiency. For example, a single box of 1000 pencils requires less physical handling than 1000 single pencils. Liquids, powders, and granules need containment.

Information transmission - Packages and labels communicate how to use, transport, recycle, or dispose of the package or product. With pharmaceuticals, food, medical, and chemical products, some types of information are required by governments.

Marketing - The packaging and labels can be used by marketers to encourage potential buyers to purchase the product. Package design has been an important and constantly evolving phenomenon for dozens of years. Marketing communications and graphic design are applied to the surface of the package and (in many cases) the point of sale display.

Vocabulary Notes on the Text

packaging упаковывание, упаковка package упаковка

enclose вкладывать, огораживать

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1. Choose corresponding Russian words and word combinations for:

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2.Translate into English the words given in Russian, using active vocabulary.

1)Packaging is the science, art and technology of огораживания или предохранения продукции.

2)Some objects may require protection from удара, вибрации и компрессии.

3)A barrier from кислорода, водных испарений, пыли is often required.

4)Packages and labels give instructions how to use, transport, перерабатывать или избавляться of the package or product.

5)The packaging can be used by marketers to encourage potential buyers

покупать продукцию.

6)Marketing communications and graphic design применяются to the surface of the package.

7)Packages can be made with improved сопротивляемостью к ударам to deter tamparing.

8)Packages can be engineered to help уменьшить риски кражи and have pilfer indicating seals.

9)Сыпучие товары (such as salt) can be devided into packages that are more suitable size for individual households.

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3. Study the translation of the following grammar constructions:

The Gerund

1. We have no intention of ordering such machines. - Мы не намерены

заказывать такие машины.

The Passive Voice

1.The goods are packed. – Товары упакованы.

2.This book can be bought in any bookshop. - Эту книгу можно купить в

любом магазине.

a)translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to these grammar constructions:

1.There are different ways of solving this problem.

2.There is no harm in doing that.

3.This is an airplane for transporting goods.

4.Have you any objection to signing this document?

5.Our work must be finished as soon as possible.

6.The steamer was unloaded when the agent arrived at the port.

7.Cranes are used for lifting heavy weights.

8.The package will be designed at the time.

b)find in the text the sentences with the same constructions and translate them.

4.Find in the text words and word combinations in italics and translate them.

5.Translate the text using the dictionary.

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