9. Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык.

A driver's response time is very slow in comparison to that of electronic systems. A quick human response is around 0.5 seconds, and some responses are as slow as 1 to 2 seconds. Let's consider a driver who is travelling at 40 mph and has a response time of 1 second. A simple calculation (distance = speed x time) shows that the car will travel 17.9 m before the vehicle motion is changed. In comparison, electronic systems operate at a tenth of a second and have the potential to operate in milliseconds. In severe maneuvers, the car stability is increased by this quicker response and people's life is saved.

Время реакции водителя очень медленное по сравнению с временем реакции электронных систем. Быстрая человеческая реакция составляет около 0,5 секунды, а некоторые реакции замедляются до 1-2 секунд. Рассмотрим водителя, который едет со скоростью 40 миль в час и имеет время реакции 1 секунду. Простой расчет (расстояние = скорость x время) показывает, что автомобиль проедет 17,9 м, прежде чем изменится его движение. Для сравнения, электронные системы работают за десятую долю секунды и имеют потенциал работать в миллисекундах. При резких маневрах устойчивость автомобиля увеличивается благодаря этой более быстрой реакции, и жизни людей спасаются.

Unit 6 engineering design section a. Tractor technology Grammar: Present Perfect (Passive)

1. Измените предложения, используя Present Perfect Passive. Переведите на русский язык.

EXAMPLE: They have equipped Ford tractors with climate control filters.

Ford tractors have been equipped with climate control filters.

1. They have already cleaned the oil filter.

2. You have repaired your tractor already.

3. The engineers have provided these tractors with new equipment.

4. They have modified shock absorbers.

1. The oil filter has already been cleaned. (Масляный фильтр уже почищен).

2. Your tractor has already been repaired. (Ваш трактор уже отремонтирован).

3. These tractors have been provided with new equipment by the engineers. (Or: These tractors have been provided with new equipment.) (Эти тракторы были оснащены новым оборудованием (инженерами)).

4. Shock absorbers have been modified. (Амортизаторы были модифицированы).

2. Ответьте на вопросы. Переведите на русский язык.

EXAMPLE: A: Has the application of filters been explained by the teacher?

Yes, it has been explained already.

or No, it hasn't. It hasn't been explained yet.

1. Have the new trucks been chosen by the customers?

2. Has the air cleaner been widely used since its invention?

3. Have oil filters been improved during the field testing?

4. Have Ford tractors been trusted by many farmers?

5. Has the new tractor been equipped with climate control filters?

1. Have the new trucks been chosen by the customers?

   • Yes, they have been chosen. (Да, они были выбраны).

   • No, they haven't. They haven't been chosen yet. (Нет, не были. Они еще не были выбраны).

2. Has the air cleaner been widely used since its invention?

   • Yes, it has been widely used since its invention. (Да, он широко использовался с момента своего изобретения).

   • No, it hasn't. It hasn't been widely used since its invention. (Нет, не использовался. Он еще не получил широкого распространения с момента своего изобретения).

3. Have oil filters been improved during the field testing?

   • Yes, they have been improved during the field testing. (Да, они были улучшены во время полевых испытаний).

   • No, they haven't. They haven't been improved during the field testing yet. (Нет, не были. Они еще не были улучшены во время полевых испытаний).

4. Have Ford tractors been trusted by many farmers?

   • Yes, they have been trusted by many farmers. (Да, им доверяли многие фермеры).

   • No, they haven't. They haven't been trusted by many farmers. (Нет, не доверяли. Им не доверяли многие фермеры).

5. Has the new tractor been equipped with climate control filters?

   • Yes, it has been equipped with climate control filters. (Да, он был оснащен фильтрами климат-контроля).

   • No, it hasn't. It hasn't been equipped with climate control filters yet. (Нет, не был. Он еще не был оснащен фильтрами климат-контроля).