7. Переведите на русский язык.

the automatic vehicle control the steering wheel

the microprocessor controller the steering device

the sensor information the wheel motion system

the drive subsystem

8. Прочитайте текст и перведите его на русский язык.

The basic elements that control vehicle motion have changed little in their concept over the past few decades. Vehicles are still driven by an internal combustion engine, steering is achieved by driving a mechanical gear and brakes are actuated by physically pumping hydraulic pistons. All these actions are carried out by the driver.

The status quo is ready for change. Under development are fast-reacting, intelligent systems that increase the possibility of automatic vehicle control. In such vehicles the steering, accelerator and brake devices are connected to a sensor that monitors their position. The sensor passes this information as an electrical signal to the microprocessor controller.

The sensor information is processed and the actions for the steering, brakes and drive subsystems are calculated.

The automotive chassis differs from a conventional chassis as motion of each wheel is achieved by independent suspension, drive, brake and steering. The main control unit receives electrical signals from the steering wheel and pedals, and produces electrical signals that actuate the wheel motion systems.

In this design there is a possibility to modify the steering, brake and accelerator device. All these could be integrated into a single joystick. This possibility is a major advantage when we want to modify cars for the physically disabled.

9. Прочитайте текст и перведите его на русский язык.

A driver's response time is very slow in comparison to that of electronic systems. A quick human response is around 0.5 seconds, and some responses are as slow as 1 to 2 seconds. Let's consider a driver who is travelling at 40 mph and has a response time of 1 second. A simple calculation (distance = speed x time) shows that the car will travel 17.9 m before the vehicle motion is changed. In comparison, electronic systems operate at a tenth of a second and have the potential to operate in milliseconds. In severe maneuvers, the car stability is increased by this quicker response and people's life is saved.

UNIT 6 ENGINEERING DESIGN

SECTION A. TRACTOR TECHNOLOGY

Grammar: Present Perfect (Passive)

1. Измените предложения, используя Present Perfect Passive. Переведите на русский язык.

EXAMPLE: They have equipped Ford tractors with climate control filters.

Ford tractors have been equipped with climate control filters.

1. They have already cleaned the oil filter.

2. You have repaired your tractor already.

3. The engineers have provided these tractors with new equipment.

4. They have modified shock absorbers.

2. Ответьте на вопросы. Переведите на русский язык.

EXAMPLE: A: Has the application of filters been explained by the teacher?

Yes, it has been explained already.

or No, it hasn't. It hasn't been explained yet. 34

1. Have the new trucks been chosen by the customers?

2. Has the air cleaner been widely used since its invention?

3. Have oil filters been improved during the field testing?

4. Have Ford tractors been trusted by many farmers?

5. Has the new tractor been equipped with climate control filters?