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17. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How is the term “automation” defined in the text? 2. What is the most “familiar example” of automation given in the text? 3. What was the first step in the development of automation? 4. What were the first robots originally designed for? 5. What is feedback principle? 6. What do the abbreviations CAM and CAD stand for? 7. What is FMS? 8. What industries use automation technologies? 9. What is the most important application of automation? 10. What are the types of automation used in manufacturing? 11. What is fixed automation? 12. What are the limitations of hard automation? 13. What is the best example of programmable automation? 14. What are the advantages of flexible automation? 15. Is it possible to produce different products one after another using automation technology?

18. Перескажите текст, дав ответы на вопросы упражнения 17.

19. Запомните следующие слова:

however – однако midget – очень маленькое существо

finally – наконец recently – недавно

inside – внутри really – действительно

smart – остроумный, находчивый serve - служить

Прочтите текст и скажите: а) дается ли объяснение слову «робот»; б) в какой области описывается применение робота.

The history about robots

In the eighteenth century a Frenchman named Maelzel built a robot that could play chess. However, the secret was finally discovered. Inside the mechanical man was a very smart midget, who was a good chess player.

Recently, scientists have built electronic robots that really can play chess. One of the first robots was an invention made by James Watt. He was the same man who invented the steam engine.

Robots are helping our research scientists answer many diffi­cult questions Robots help astronomers find new stars, and lead the way to new and better rockets.

Scientists use robots to translate foreign languages.

Robots can teach, serving as assistants to human professors. They can even teach professors how to be better professors.

Прочтите текст еще раз и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is this text about?

2. Is the idea of robot absolutely new?

3. Can modern robots play chess?

4. What kind of robots can play chess in our days?

5. Who was the first inventor of the robot?

6. What can robots do?

7. What new information have you learned about robots?

20. Продолжите данные диалоги, используя как можно больше новых слов, терминов и словосочетаний:

1

A: The automation of production processes and operations in our country has been very important lately.

B: Yes, but it still has to be developed and perfected, and until better automatic devices are built, automation will be practical only for certain types of production… .

A: …

2

A: Much has been done in the sphere of automation and still more will have to be done.

B: I think mechanization of production operations and their automation is one of the most important problems of today.

A: Yes, and I suppose the most difficult task is the automation of production processes in oil and gas industry as well as in petrochemical industry.

B: I quite agree here. Today these industries are producing.

A: …

3

A: I know you are an expert in automation. What problem are you working at now?

B: We are trying to perfect new sensing devices.

Продолжите речь «В», используя следующие словосочетания:

advanced automatic control; material handling system; data-processing system; the automation of production processes.

A: Oh, that’s a very important and promising field of research.

21. Постарайтесь воспроизвести данные диалоги.

22. Английский юмор:

Pamella: Hasn’t Harvey ever married?

Beryl: No, and I don’t think he intends to, because he’s studying for a bachelor’s degree.

bachelor – 1) бакалавр, 2) холостяк

Урок 12

COMPUTERS

Грамматика: 1. Согласование времен

2. Сослагательное наклонение

3. Модальные глаголы

Текст: Computers

1. Прочтите вслух следующие слова:

– device, describe, organize, refine, provide, file, realize, recycle, type, Microsoft, private

– instructions, result, multitasking, button, shortcut, plug, introduction

automation, raw

– computer, calculating, numerical, manufacturing, user, useful, introduce, consumer, annual

– compatible, expanding, access

– data, capability, interface

– procedure, intelligence, digital

2. Прочтите следующие слова, обращая внимание на ударение:

computer[ ], intelligence [ ], organize [ ], realize [ ], result [ ], automation [ ], calculating [ ], consumer [ ], support [ ], access [ ], capability [ ], procedure [ ], characters [ ], personal [ ], component [ ].

3. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

character – символ

data – данные

decision – решение

device – устройство

digital – цифровой

hardware – оборудование

instruction – команда

intelligence – разум

perform – выполнять, совершать

procedures – процедуры, операции

purpose – цель

raw – необработанный, сырой

to come to life – оживать

convert – превращать, преобразовывать

create – создавать

evaluate – оценивать

to refer to as – называть что-либо

software – программное обеспечение

to process the information – обрабатывать информацию

complex – сложный

consume – потреблять

consumer – потребитель

realize – понять, осознать

smart – умный

enhance – увеличивать, расширять

compatible – совместимый

DOS – disk operating system – дисковая операционная система

mouse – мышь

user – пользователь

interact – взаимодействовать

accomplish – выполнять, достигать

weapon – оружие

replace – замещать

Recycle Bin – корзина

brand-name – торговая марка

shortcut – кратчайший путь

necessity – необходимость

flash – вспышка; in a flash – (зд.) моментально

sacrifice – жертвовать

support – поддержка

frequently – часто

advancement – прогресс, продвижение

desktop tools – система типа “рабочий стол”

collaboration – сотрудничество

enterprise – предприятие

connect – соединять

via – через