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In 1888, a newspaper in France wrote an obituary about Alfred Nobel. It said, "Alfred Nobel, the seller of death, is dead." But it was wrong. The newspaper wrote about the inventor of dynamite before he died. Alfred Nobel read the obituary himself. Then he decided to give a different gift.

Seven years later, in 1895, Alfred wrote a will on four pages. He said his money should be given to people who helped other people. The prizes were for people who were good in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, and for peace. People got the prize every year except during two wars.

In 1968, the bank in Sweden started an award. It is not the Nobel prize, but the name is the same. The prize is more than 1.5 million dollars, with a special paper and a medal. It also has a lot of honor to be called Nobel winner.

Alfred Nobel also said who should give the prizes. There is a committee for each prize, but they work the same. They give prizes in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, except for the peace prize. It is in Oslo, Norway.

There are some rules for the awards. A person has to be chosen by others. You can't choose yourself. Each prize can be for one person or three people. Sometimes, organizations like the Red Cross get the peace prize too.

The prize can't be given after someone dies. Recently, the prizes have been criticized for not being fair. Only 48 women got the prizes in 100 years. That's a small number compared to men. Malala Yousafzai got the youngest prize at 17. She is one of 66 million girls without education.

Leonid Hurwitz was the oldest person to get the prize at 90. There has been a lot of controversy about Mahatma Gandhi. He was not given the prize because the committee did not like him. In 1989, the Dalai Lama got the prize in his honor.

Today's inventors are not in the same fields as Nobel. So the prizes are not for engineering, art, or math. The committee says they don't want to add new categories.