Гэтсби учебник ответы на вопросы / Chapter 8

Chapter 8

1.Comment on the opening paragraph of Chapter 8. What mood prevails? What stylistic means create the atmosphere? Does it give the reader a foreboding that another tragedy is ahead?

2.As in the previous chapters the weather corresponds to the plot. How does the narrative implicitly establish a connection between the weather and the emotional atmosphere of the story throughout this chapter?

3.Speak on the effect created by the detailed account of Gatsby’s action.

4.Why do you think for the first time in the novel Gatsby sets aside his romantic view of life and confronts the past he has been trying to run from? What meaning does Gatsby put into the phrase: "she was the first 'nice' girl he had ever known”? Does it also involve the fact that she acknowledged Gatsby's presence in that world unlike many representatives of her class? Did Gatsby define her not merely by who she was, but by what she had and what she represented? What made Daisy valuable in the eyes of Gatsby? What was his original intention? What quest did he set off for? How is both wealth and daisy intertwined in Gatsby’s mind? How does it reduce Gatsby’s extraordinary power of visionary hope?

5.Analyze Daisy’s attitude to Gatsby. Why did Daisy eventually move again into society? Which features of her character are accentuated by stylistic devices?

6.Did both Gatsby and Daisy realize that they were in love with projected images?

7.What message does the author send us while describing how Gatsby’s powerful dream of happiness with Daisy has become the motivation for lavish excesses and criminal activities? Has American dream likewise degenerated into a quest for mere wealth? Is the central character of the novel able to perceive this degradation? What does the world without Daisy mean for him?

8.Why do you think Gatsby’s insisted on swimming in the pool as though it were still summer. Does it is show his inner hope to make Daisy love him? Does he still cling to the dream which is lost forever? Does he accept the fact that he cannot control the time?

9.Analyze significance of symbols using the examples from this novel. Do things really possess some inherent meaning or do people invest them with meaning? What would Daisy be if Gatsby had not imbued her with beauty and made her his dream?

10.The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg come several times throughout the novel. They look down on a world devoid of meaning, value, and beauty — a world in which dreams are exposed as illusions, and cruel, unfeeling men such as Tom receive the love of women longed for by dreamers such as Gatsby and Wilson. Does Fitzgerald impart any special properties to the eyes or does he leave for the reader to dwell on their meaning? What do they mean for Wilson?

11.Comment on Wilson’s emotional and physical condition throughout Chapter 8. Which stylistic means are used to express it? Contrast him to Tom Buchanan? Is the latter devastated and overwhelmed by emotion at the loss of his mistress?

12.What implicit meaning does the death of Gatsby – paragon of idealism – have? Can pure idealism survive in the harsh modern world? Can it be applied to nowadays society?

13.Analyze the development of Nick as a character. What humanizes him and lifts him above the rigid callousness of the other characters? How is his attitude to Jordan and the Buchanans changed by the end of the story? Why does he reject Jordan Baker? Does he clearly see what socialites are really like? Does he possess the courage to stand against them?

14.Translate and analyze the passage: “Gatsby shouldered the mattress and started for the pool. Once he stopped and shifted it a little, and the chauffeur asked him if he needed help, but he shook his head and in a moment disappeared among the yellowing trees. No telephone message arrived but the butler went without hissleep and waited for it until four o’clock — until long after there was any one to give it to if it came. I have an idea that Gatsby himself didn’t believe it would come and perhaps he no longer cared. If that was true he must have felt that he had lost the old warm world, paid a high price for living too long with a single dream. He must have looked up at an unfamiliar sky through frightening leaves and shivered as he found what a grotesque thing a rose is and how raw the sunlight was upon the scarcely created grass. A new world, material without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dreams like air, drifted fortuitously about … like that ashen, fantastic figure gliding toward him through the amorphous trees.”

15.What is the last chivalric gesture Gatsby made once his quest complete and his dream completely dead? Can it be appreciated by the person for whose sake it is done?

16.Was the tragedy predictable? If yes, what stylistic means helped you to foresee what was coming?

1.Прокомментируйте первый абзац главы 8. Какое настроение преобладает? Какие стилистические средства создают атмосферу? Возникает ли у читателя предчувствие, что впереди новая трагедия?

2.Как и в предыдущих главах, погода соответствует сюжету. Как повествование неявно устанавливает связь между погодой и эмоциональной атмосферой истории на протяжении этой главы?

3.Расскажите о воздействии, создаваемом детальным описанием действий Гэтсби.

4.Почему, на ваш взгляд, впервые в романе Гэтсби отходит от своего романтического взгляда на жизнь и сталкивается с прошлым, от которого пытался убежать? Какой смысл вкладывает Гэтсби в фразу: «она была первой "хорошей" девушкой, которую он знал»? Связано ли это также с тем, что она признала его присутствие в этом мире, в отличие от многих представителей своего класса? Определял ли Гэтсби её не только по тому, кем она была, но и по тому, что у неё было и что она представляла? Что делало Дейзи ценной в глазах Гэтсби? Каковы были его первоначальные намерения? На какой поиск он отправился? Как в его сознании переплетаются богатство и Дейзи? Как это снижает его невероятную силу мечтательной надежды?

5.Проанализируйте отношение Дейзи к Гэтсби. Почему Дейзи в конце концов снова вернулась в общество? Какие черты её характера подчеркиваются стилистическими приемами?

6.Осознавали ли и Гэтсби, и Дейзи, что были влюблены в идеализированные образы?

7.Какое послание отправляет нам автор, описывая, как мощная мечта Гэтсби о счастье с Дейзи стала для него мотивацией для расточительных излишеств и преступной деятельности? Упала ли американская мечта до простого стремления к богатству? Осознает ли главный герой романа это падение? Что для него значит мир без Дейзи?

8.Почему, по вашему мнению, Гэтсби настаивал на купании в бассейне, как будто все еще было лето? Показывает ли это его внутреннюю надежду завоевать любовь Дейзи? Все ли еще он держится за мечту, которая потеряна навсегда? Признает ли он тот факт, что не может контролировать время?

9.Проанализируйте значение символов, используя примеры из романа. Действительно ли вещи обладают каким-то внутренним значением или люди наделяют их значением? Кем бы была Дейзи, если бы Гэтсби не наделил её красотой и не сделал своей мечтой?

10.Глаза доктора Т. Дж. Экклебурга несколько раз встречаются на протяжении романа. Они смотрят на мир, лишенный смысла, ценностей и красоты — мир, в котором мечты разоблачаются как иллюзии, а жестокие и бессердечные люди, такие как Том, получают любовь женщин, о которой мечтают такие, как Гэтсби и Уилсон. Придает ли Фицджеральд какие-либо особые свойства этим глазам, или оставляет их значение для размышлений читателя? Что они значат для Уилсона?

11.Прокомментируйте эмоциональное и физическое состояние Уилсона на протяжении всей главы 8. Какие стилистические приемы используются для его выражения? Сравните его с Томом Бьюкененом. Потрясен ли последний и переполнен ли эмоциями из-за потери своей любовницы?

12.Какое скрытое значение имеет смерть Гэтсби — образец идеализма? Может ли чистый идеализм выжить в суровом современном мире? Можно ли применить это к современному обществу?

13.Проанализируйте развитие Ника как персонажа. Что его очеловечивает и поднимает его над жесткостью и бесчувственностью других персонажей? Как изменяется его отношение к Джордан и семье Бьюкененов к концу истории? Почему он отвергает Джордан Бейкер? Видит ли он ясно, каковы на самом деле светские люди? Обладает ли он смелостью противостоять им?

14.Переведите и проанализируйте отрывок: «Гэтсби взвалил на плечо матрас и направился к бассейну. Один раз он остановился и немного его поправил, и шофер спросил, нужна ли ему помощь, но он покачал головой и через мгновение исчез среди пожелтевших деревьев. Телефонного звонка не последовало, но дворецкий не спал и ждал его до четырех часов — долго после того, как могло появиться кому-то, чтобы его принять. Мне кажется, что и сам Гэтсби не верил, что звонок будет, и, возможно, ему уже было все равно. Если это было так, то он, должно быть, почувствовал, что потерял старый теплый мир, заплатив высокую цену за то, что слишком долго жил одной мечтой. Он, должно быть, взглянул на незнакомое небо сквозь устрашающие листья и содрогнулся, обнаружив, что роза

— это уродливое создание, а солнечный свет грубо обжигал едва зазеленевшую траву. Новый мир, материальный, но не реальный, где бедные призраки, дышащие мечтами как воздухом, дрейфовали случайно вокруг … как эта пепельная, фантастическая фигура, скользящая к нему сквозь аморфные деревья.»

15.Какой последний рыцарский жест сделал Гэтсби, когда его поиски завершились, а его мечта была окончательно мертва? Может ли это быть оценено человеком, ради которого это сделано?

16.Была ли трагедия предсказуемой? Если да, какие стилистические средства помогли вам предугадать, что произойдет?

1.Opening Paragraph Mood:

oThe mood is somber and foreboding, with a sense of inevitable doom. Fitzgerald uses words with dark, heavy connotations to build this atmosphere, such as describing the dawn as "ghastly," imbuing the scene with a surreal, almost ghostly quality. This opening suggests that the characters, particularly Gatsby, are on the brink of tragedy, setting readers up for the chapter’s emotional weight.

2.Weather’s Role:

oThroughout the novel, Fitzgerald uses weather to mirror the plot and emotions of the characters. In Chapter 8, the shift from summer to autumn reflects the fading warmth in Gatsby's life and his crumbling dreams. The chill in the air aligns with Gatsby's realization that Daisy will not return to him, creating a sense of finality. This seasonal transition emphasizes the end of an era for Gatsby, much like the decay of his idealism.

3.Detailed Account of Gatsby’s Actions:

oThe meticulous description of Gatsby’s actions in this chapter serves to highlight his loneliness and the ordinariness of his life beneath his wealthy facade. For instance, his quiet breakfast and routine phone calls to check for news from Daisy contrast sharply with his previously vibrant parties. This detailed focus on Gatsby’s actions reinforces his vulnerability and isolation, underscoring how hollow his dream has become.

4.Gatsby’s View of Daisy and the Past:

oGatsby’s phrase “she was the first ‘nice’ girl” he knew reflects how he idealizes Daisy not just for her personality, but for the world she represents—a world of wealth, status, and ease he yearns for. Gatsby’s attraction to Daisy is tied to what she symbolizes: the wealth and social position he has been chasing. She becomes both a romantic ideal and a symbol of his quest, intertwining his love for her with his obsession with success. In this chapter, Gatsby finally confronts the reality that his dream is fading and perhaps never existed as he imagined it.

5.Daisy’s Attitude Toward Gatsby:

oDaisy’s eventual retreat into her world of wealth underscores her preference for security over love. Fitzgerald uses detached language and imagery, like her “indifference,” to convey her reluctance to sacrifice her comfort for Gatsby. Daisy is drawn to Gatsby’s charisma, yet ultimately lacks the strength to stand against societal expectations, choosing Tom's stability. Her shallow nature is

highlighted by stylistic choices that reveal her inability to commit to Gatsby’s idealism.

6. Projected Love:

oBoth Gatsby and Daisy are captivated by illusions rather than reality. Gatsby idolizes Daisy as the epitome of his dream, while Daisy sees Gatsby as a thrill or escape. Neither truly loves the other as they are; instead, they cling to the idealized versions they’ve created. This notion of projected love speaks to the novel’s theme of disillusionment and the futility of chasing an illusion.

7.American Dream Theme:

oGatsby’s pursuit of wealth to win Daisy reflects a corruption of the American Dream, transforming it into a mere obsession with material excess. Fitzgerald critiques how the American Dream has shifted from idealism to the shallow pursuit of wealth and status. Gatsby’s “lavish excesses and criminal activities” symbolize how even his purest intentions are tarnished by this societal fixation on wealth, showing that even the dreamer cannot escape the harsh reality of modern materialism.

8.Gatsby’s Pool Scene:

oGatsby’s insistence on swimming in the pool, despite it being late in the season, is symbolic of his stubborn hope. He clings to the idea that he can still control his fate and rekindle his relationship with Daisy. His refusal to accept the passing of summer reflects his denial of time’s inevitable march forward, representing his inability to let go of his idealized past.

9.Symbolism:

oThe symbols in the novel, from the green light to Daisy herself, derive their meaning from Gatsby’s personal attachment to them. For Gatsby, the green light is a beacon of hope and desire, even though, to others, it is simply a light. This idea questions whether objects inherently possess meaning or whether people project significance onto them. If Gatsby hadn’t invested Daisy with his dreams and aspirations, she would merely be another wealthy girl, not the “grail” he desperately seeks.

10.Doctor T.J. Eckleburg’s Eyes:

•The billboard of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg’s eyes serves as a haunting, god-like observer of the events, symbolizing a moral void. Fitzgerald uses this symbol to portray the

moral decay beneath the novel’s glamorous surface. For Wilson, these eyes represent judgment and fate. Wilson’s fixation on them after Myrtle’s death suggests he sees them as an omnipotent force condemning the corruption around him, especially in the society Gatsby is part of.

11.Wilson vs. Tom:

•Wilson’s grief and despair are raw, evident in his disheveled appearance and frantic actions, which contrast sharply with Tom’s indifferent response. Fitzgerald uses descriptive, emotive language to convey Wilson’s devastation, while Tom’s lack of reaction emphasizes his callous nature. Tom, emblematic of privilege, feels no empathy for others’ losses, underscoring his character’s detachment and selfishness.

12.Gatsby’s Death and Idealism:

•Gatsby’s death signals the novel’s tragic end to idealism. His vision of pure love and success crumbles under the weight of harsh reality, reflecting Fitzgerald’s commentary on the impracticality of idealism in a morally bankrupt society. This critique of the modern world questions whether true idealism can endure or if it is ultimately shattered by cynicism and materialism.

13.Nick’s Development:

•Nick’s journey from admiration to disillusionment with the East Coast elite represents his moral awakening. Unlike the other characters, Nick’s introspective nature and eventual rejection of Jordan highlight his integrity and compassion, separating him from the shallow socialites around him. By the end, Nick is able to see the Buchanans’ true nature and emerges as a rare, grounded character, willing to stand alone in his convictions.

14.Passage Translation and Analysis:

•This passage captures Gatsby’s realization that his dream has led to an empty reality. Words like “unfamiliar sky” and “frightening leaves” depict his disorientation and disillusionment. The “grotesque” rose and “raw sunlight” symbolize how beauty and reality no longer hold the promise they once did, as he confronts a world that is material but lacks true substance.

15.Gatsby’s Final Gesture:

•Gatsby’s final act of waiting for Daisy’s call—even after he likely realizes she won’t reach out—is a chivalric gesture, representing his enduring devotion. His loyalty to

Daisy, even at the cost of his own life, underscores his tragic idealism. This act is noble, though tragically unreciprocated, symbolizing his ultimate self-sacrifice.

16.Foreshadowing Tragedy:

•Fitzgerald uses foreshadowing to hint at Gatsby’s tragic end through subtle cues—like the dark mood, the eerie setting, and Gatsby’s persistent clinging to the past. Stylistic elements such as the bleak weather, somber tone, and Nick’s reflective narration help signal the inevitability of Gatsby’s demise. Readers sense a tragic inevitability that builds throughout the chapter, leading to the novel’s climax.

Here’s a summary of the key moments:

1. Nick Visits Gatsby Early in the Morning:

oAfter the events of the previous night, Nick can’t sleep and goes to check on Gatsby. He finds him keeping vigil, anxious and restless. Gatsby recounts his memories with Daisy, revealing how their romance blossomed years ago. This moment reveals Gatsby’s continued obsession and his refusal to let go of the past.

2.Gatsby Reflects on His Relationship with Daisy:

oGatsby shares the story of his early relationship with Daisy, explaining that she was the first girl he truly loved and how her wealth and beauty captivated him. He reveals how he fell in love not only with Daisy as a person but also with the world of wealth and privilege she represented, symbolizing his lifelong pursuit of the American Dream.

3.Gatsby’s Growing Realization:

oAs he reflects, Gatsby begins to confront the truth that Daisy might never leave Tom for him. He realizes the dream he’s chased may not be attainable, but he still clings to hope, anticipating a phone call from her.

4.Wilson’s Distraught Investigation:

oMeanwhile, George Wilson, grieving and enraged by Myrtle’s death, becomes fixated on the idea that someone—whom he assumes is Gatsby—is responsible. After an emotional breakdown, he sets out to find Gatsby, convinced that the wealthy are to blame for his wife’s death.

5.Gatsby’s Last Swim:

oDespite the cooling autumn weather, Gatsby decides to take a swim in his pool for the first time all season. This action symbolizes his clinging to the past and denial of time’s passage. He waits by the phone, hoping for a call from Daisy that will never come.

6.Gatsby’s Murder:

oWilson arrives at Gatsby’s mansion, where he finds Gatsby in the pool. In a moment of misplaced rage and grief, Wilson shoots Gatsby, killing him instantly, and then turns the gun on himself, committing suicide.

7.Nick’s Reflection:

oNick arrives at the scene too late but is devastated by Gatsby’s tragic death. He reflects on Gatsby’s unfulfilled dream, realizing that Gatsby’s hope was both his strength and his downfall, revealing the dark side of the American Dream.

These events in Chapter 8 underscore the novel’s tragic themes, showing the futility of Gatsby’s dream and the destructive consequences of obsession with wealth and idealism. The chapter serves as a culmination of the novel’s conflicts, linking the fate of Gatsby to the broader critique of 1920s society.