Гэтсби учебник ответы на вопросы / Chapter 2

CHAPTER 2

1.

•Примерно на полпути между Уэст-Эггом и Нью-Йорком автомобильная дорога поспешно примыкает к железной дороге и проходит рядом с ней на протяжении четверти мили, чтобы избежать определенного пустынного участка земли. Это долина пепла — фантастическая ферма, где пепел растет, как пшеница, образуя гряды, холмы и гротескные сады, где пепел принимает форму домов, дымоходов, поднимающегося дыма и, наконец, благодаря невероятным усилиям, людей, которые еле передвигаются и уже рассыпаются в пыльном воздухе. Время от времени вереница серых машин ползет по невидимой трассе, издавая жуткий звук скрипит и замирает, и тут же появляются пепельно-серые люди со свинцовыми лопатами и создают непроницаемое облако, скрывающее их темные действия от вашего взора. Но через мгновение над серой землей и клубами унылой пыли, которые бесконечно кружатся над ней, вы замечаете глаза доктора Ти Джея Эклебурга. Эклебурга голубые и огромные — их сетчатка достигает высоты одного ярда. Они смотрят не с лица, а из-за огромных желтых очков, которые надеваются на несуществующий нос. Очевидно, их установил какой-то безумный окулист он приехал туда, чтобы расширить свою практику в районе Квинс, а затем сам погрузился в вечную слепоту или забыл о них и уехал. Но его глаза, слегка потускневшие от долгих дней без краски, проведенных под солнцем и дождем, не отрывались от мрачной свалки. Долина пепла с одной стороны ограничена небольшой грязной речкой, и когда разводной мост поднят, чтобы пропустить баржи, пассажиры ожидающих поездов могут целых полчаса любоваться этой мрачной картиной. Там всегда есть остановка, по крайней мере, на минуту, и именно из-за этого я впервые познакомился с любовницами Тома Бьюкенена

•Significance of the Valley of Ashes: The valley of ashes represents moral and social decay caused by the pursuit of wealth and the destruction of the American Dream.

•The Eyes of Dr. Eckleburg: The eyes on the billboard symbolize a watchful presence, as if someone is judging and observing society's moral downfall.

•Choice of Words and Colors: The author uses gray and bleak imagery to show the lifelessness of the valley. The bright eyes of Dr. Eckleburg contrast with the grayness, highlighting emptiness and indifference.

2.

•Tom’s mistress is introduced after the valley of ashes to symbolize the moral decay and bleakness.

•Tom assumes Nick is passive and will comply, reflecting Tom’s dominance and Nick’s submissive nature, which highlights Tom’s arrogance and Nick’s uncertainty.

3.

•The atmosphere at the Wilsons’ is lifeless and dull, dominated by grey. Both the valley of ashes and Wilson’s garage represent decay. The description uses grim, desolate imagery.

4.

•George Wilson is described as spiritless and weak. He appears worn-out, and his movements are sluggish.

•Tom’s attitude towards Wilson is dismissive, evident in his superior tone, while Myrtle treats him with contempt.

5.

•Myrtle is voluptuous and lively, with energetic movements and bold speech.

•She wears loud, flashy dresses.

•Her disdain for her husband shows her dissatisfaction with her status.

•The dust veiling everything but her symbolizes her desire to escape her environment.

•She married George for stability but resents him for it.

•Myrtle’s materialism is highlighted. The dog purchase shows her impulsiveness.

•She wants Nick to meet her sister to integrate him into her world. At the party, she tries to rise above her status but fails.

6.

•The name Daisy symbolizes innocence and beauty, while Myrtle suggests vulgarity and earthiness. This contrast reflects their characters: Daisy is delicate and passive, Myrtle is coarse and assertive.

7.

•Myrtle treats Tom with admiration, met him on a train.

•The phrase she repeats shows her initial infatuation.

•Their relationship is based on Tom’s control. The flat reflects their affair—lavish but shallow.

8.

•Tom is domineering and violent. His choice of Myrtle reflects his desire for control. He treats Daisy with more restraint but does not respect either woman.

•He won’t divorce Daisy due to social status, and Myrtle is beneath him.

•His violence towards Myrtle reveals his cruelty, but he is unlikely to treat Daisy similarly due to their social standing.

9.

•The party is chaotic, filled with drunkenness and pretentious conversations.

•The guests discuss superficial topics.

•Nick observes it with detached fascination, both drawn to and repelled by it. His quote reflects his ambivalence towards this lifestyle.

10.

•The guests are shallow, reflecting the empty social scene. The McKees are pretentious, described with sharp imagery.

•Catherine is loud and showy, emphasizing the artificiality of the people in Tom and Myrtle’s world.

11.

•We learn about Gatsby through rumors from others, making the information unreliable.

•Nick doesn’t fully trust the sources.

12.

•The events are narrated through Nick’s eyes, who witnesses them.

•His attitude towards the characters is detached yet judgmental, conveying both his and the author’s critical view of the moral decay.

13. Themes include moral decay, class division, and the emptiness of the American Dream, realized through the contrast between Tom’s opulence and the bleakness of the valley of ashes.

14.

•The scenes shift abruptly between the valley of ashes, the Wilsons’, and the apartment.

•The narration is mostly prospective, focusing on the unfolding events, such as the introduction of Myrtle and the party.

15.

•The author evokes emotions of disgust and pity, highlighting the corruption of values and the destructive nature of materialism.

•The chapter stimulates ideas about class struggle and the consequences of moral decay.