Language is a complex system, and understanding how words function within sentences is crucial for effective communication.

Traditional Grammar Approach

•Traditional grammar, rooted in ancient linguistic studies, categorizes words into eight main parts of speech.

•These include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

•Each category serves a specific role in sentence structure and meaning.

Structural Linguistics Approach

•Structural linguistics focuses on the relationships between words in sentences.

•It divides words into content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) and function words (pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles).

•This approach highlights the distinction between words that carry semantic meaning and those that serve grammatical functions.

Generative Grammar Approach

•Generative grammar, pioneered by Noam Chomsky, seeks to uncover the underlying structure of sentences.

•Words are categorized based on their syntactic roles and relationships within sentences.

•This approach emphasizes rules and transformations that generate grammatically correct sentences.

Cognitive Linguistics Approach

•Cognitive linguistics considers the role of human cognition in shaping language.

•It explores how language users perceive and conceptualize linguistic elements.

•Categories of parts of speech may be more fluid and dynamic, reflecting cognitive processes and conceptualization.

Corpus Linguistics Approach

•Corpus linguistics analyzes large collections of text to identify patterns of language use.

•Through statistical methods and computer analysis, corpus linguists observe how words are used in context.

•This approach reveals nuances and variations in parts of speech usage across different registers and genres.

The notional and structural parts of speech. The criteria for their classification.

Notional Parts of Speech

•Notional parts of speech are categorized based on their semantic or lexical content.

•These include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

•Notional parts of speech carry meaning and contribute to the overall sense of a sentence.

Criteria for Notional Parts of Speech Classification

•Semantic Content: Notional parts of speech convey specific meanings or describe qualities.

•Lexical Significance: They typically consist of words with individual lexical entries in dictionaries.

•Contribution to Meaning: Notional parts of speech contribute directly to the message conveyed in a sentence.

Structural Parts of Speech

•Structural parts of speech are classified based on their grammatical function rather than their semantic content.

•These include pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and articles.

•Structural parts of speech serve to organize and connect elements within a sentence.