Generalization+Metaphor

Generalization

It’s a process contrary to specialization in such cases the meaning of a word becomes more general in the course of time.

Ready (a derivative from the verb «ridan» - «ride») meant «prepared for a ride», now its meaning is «prepared for anything»

Fly = to move in or through the air or space; To move, pass or act swiftly (the original meaning was just “to move in or through the air by means of wings”)

“Journey” was borrowed from French with the meaning “one day trip”, now it means “a trip of any duration.

Metaphor

It’s a transfer of the meaning on the basis of comparison.

The German scientists points out that Metaphor can be based on different types of similarity:

1.Similarity of shape Head (of a cabbage) Teeth (of a comb)

2.Similarity of position

Foot (of a page; of a mountain)

Head (of a procession)

3. Similarity of function, behaviour

A whip (an official in the British Parliament whose duty is to see that members were present at the voting)

A bookworm (a person who is fond of books);

4. Similarity of colour

Orange

Hazel

Chestnut

Questions

What is the definition of generalization?

Give the examples of generalization

What is the definition of metaphor?

What types of similarities do scientists identify in the metaphor?

Give the examples of metaphor