topic on winter exam in english
.pdf1. The main role of education
Education is the most powerful means of personal development and social development. Modern society is based on people who have high living standards, they have the ability to have an approach to challenges and knowledge which allows them to implement better solutions to their problems. Undoubtedly, some people can live without a core level of knowledge, but I do not agree with this, because there are many reasons to argue that try to master a core curriculum is necessary. A good education helps you recognize yourself and your strengths, and have the opportunity to apply the knowledge. You find things you are good at and figure out how you can contribute and help the world grow. Education gives you opportunities to explore yourself, interpersonal skills and your surroundings. When you attend any institutional or become a part of an organization, you become a team player. Students who graduate the institute have a higher chance of landing well-paying jobs on buoyant jobs market. If you are good at something, you will be given good references. So, the education plays a vital role in this modern world.
2. Rote learning: pros and cons
Rote learning is a method of education in which students are taught to memorize and recite basic facts, often through a great deal of repetition. This is different to critical mental agility or problem solving, in which students are forced to apply the concepts they have learned to theoretical or example problems. There are some pros to rote learning, primarily that students are able to quickly recall these basic facts when asked. The cons are that with a lack of critical thinking application, students may have trouble to applying the knowledge they have learned to real-world situations, they just can be dumbing down. They may also not really to process information the more advanced concepts behind the memorization. In many exams, the students are required to solve a variety of questions during tight deadlines. Doing their best in minimal time requires them to be fast in thinking, mental agility and retrieval of concepts. Despite many opinions, there are both pros and cons of rote learning.
3. The key qualities of success and how to reach it
I think there are some qualities of success and ways for reaching it. People with ambition usually have a desire to grow in their career and reach management-level roles. Ambition can help people demonstrate leadership abilities, to work on one’s own initiative, show their ongoing progressing.
As you strive for professional success, being disciplined can help you focus on your goals, meet tight deadlines. It will be useful if one has an approach to challenges, such people are more successful because they can manage all the troubles.
I think, creativity is one of these qualities that person should have. Thinking outside the box help easily grasp new ideas.
The ability to prioritise tasks – another quality of successful people. They realize that it is not in
their power to pay attention to each person or task. So, these qualities could help person to be successful.
4. How to write the best CV to get the job that you want
When you graduate from university you have to a job hunting. The first step in a successful job search is to decide on the kind of job you want.
Your CV is the first point of contact with a possible employer. You must show that you have good interpersonal skills. You are ready to show your ongoing resilience and ready to grasp new ideas.
Apply for a job only if you think you can do it. You must work only on your own initiative. If you want to get the position of manager or director, you need to have an approach to challenges and be able to meet tight deadlines. You must be able to process new information quickly and adjust to it.
Next, you need to indicate your work experience, you need to write not only your work placement, but how long you worked there, then write about your studies and achievements, perhaps you have a core knowledge, or maybe you do postgraduate degree, the higher your education, the better the position you can apply.
After this, indicate whether you have had internships or exchange programs, this is very useful information that will help the employer asses what experience you have. Additional skills such as language skills should also be included. At the end, you should indicate your hobby and attach references.
5. Your experience of a summer internship
I had the experience of doing an online internship at a Chinese university. It all started with the fact that we filled out student profile. Then, the experts on the Chinese streaming us into groups, depending on our language proficiency. That's how our studies began.
Day after day, we studied at 2 universities, it was quite difficult to study, we had to meet tight deadlines, have a holiday job, consistently show ongoing resilience, be able to have an approach to challenges. All this should be possessed by students who want to have a highly paid prestigious job in the future.
Our curriculum was standard, we learned Chinese in the morning and afternoon, and in the evening, we joined online lessons at Moscow University. I had to rote learning all the new information, then to process the information and be able to apply this knowledge in the life. Some students prefer to learn at their own pace, but sometimes it could lead to lagging behind the curriculum and student had a bad grade. Some of us were probably whiz-kid, and even managed to let their hair down or to live it up.
The purpose of my participation in this internship was to learn more about Chinese culture and improve my language proficiency. I hope in the future this experience will give me an advantage in job hunting, as well as the opportunity to work abroad with a confident language base.
6. The best types of holidays
It seems to me that every person has their own best type of holiday.
I am one of the people who like a calm and measured holiday. I love to unwind by going on a sightseeing tour. I enjoy a resort holiday where I can let my hair down and get away from it all. When I'm on vacation, I try local speciality and pamper myself with delicious food.
My friend loves adventure holidays. She enjoys backpacking, sleeping under canvas. I think that she's prefer to live it up. However, if you want to plan a holiday, it's worth using a self-catering holiday because if you decide to go let, there may be supplements. But if you like to make unexpected decisions, you can always find a last-minute package deal with a budget airline.
7. Conservation. What does it mean?
Conservation is a term most often associated with environmental protection. People are engaged in conservation charity works and they speak at various summits and meetings at the state level. Many experts are engaged in writing articles and calling on the authorities to protect the natural habitats of rare and endangered animals, for example different islands and beaches with tortoises, iguanas, cormorants, boobies and so on. A growth in tourism has a direct impact on the environment and endangered species. This is why it is important to contribute environmental protection and become conservationists.
8. Popular holiday destinations
When it comes to planning a holiday, the options are endless. From a relaxing beach getaway to an adventurous holiday in the mountains. Such holiday can include city breaks, cruises, resort holidays, trekking adventures, safaris, and backpacking trips and the allure of bustling capitals, local specialties, boutique hotels, and the contrasting experiences that await in prime areas.
I am one of the people who like a calm and measured holiday. I love to unwind by going on a sightseeing tour. I enjoy a resort holiday where I can let my hair down and get away from it all. When I'm on vacation, I try local speciality and pamper myself with delicious food.
My friend loves adventure holidays. She enjoys backpacking, sleeping under canvas, and doing outdoor activities. However, if you want to plan a holiday, it's worth using a self-catering holiday because if you decide to go late, there may be supplements. But if you like to make unexpected decisions, you can always find a last-minute package deal with a budget airline.
9. Harmful effects of tourism
Picture a perfect beach. From an expanse of flawless white sand, clear blue water and clear horizon. Overhead, pelicans wheel lazily in search of fish. Now imagine a whacking great hotel plonked on all this. This is the fate that has befallen so many of the world's idyllic places that there seems something almost inevitable [ɪnˈevɪtəbl] about it.
And it’s an example how fast the idyllic places which at first sight can remind you of paradise on the Earth can be destroyed by tourism. And the main harmful effect of the people – it’s a carbon footprint. It’s very hard to replace a loss to the nature after human’s presence. Environmental issue it’s one of the most important problems in the 21st century, because scientists believe that in some years it will be impossible to offset one’s carbon footprint. Even now there are a lot of species of an environment who are endangered. Moreover, some of them are irreversible.
So, we need to remember not only about the ecology and animals with who we share the Earth. It’s absolutely essential to save the world in its own original form.
10. The most surprising national traits of the British
One of the most endearing qualities of the British people is their ability to remain emotional yet pragmatic in various situations.
When it comes to being observant, the British people are spot on.
Another surprising national trait of the British is their passion for culture. They have a fascination with art, literature, and history.
Charismatic and persuasive, the British people have a natural ability to captivate others with their words and behavior. They are known for their articulate speech and can effortlessly express their thoughts and ideas.
In summary, the British people possess a unique combination of traits that make them stand out among other nations.
11.National traits. What is it?
National traits are specific features and characteristics that are associated with a particular nation or culture. These traits can include everything from language and customs to historical events and geographical features.
In many cases, national traits are influenced by the country's history, government, and economy. For example, a country with a strong manufacturing industry may have a national trait of being industrious and hardworking. Similarly, a country with a rich cultural heritage may have a national trait of being creative and artistic.
National traits can also be influenced by the climate and geography of a region. For instance, a country located in a cold climate may have a national trait of being resilient and resourceful. On the other hand, a country with a tropical climate may have a national trait of being laid-back and relaxed.
It's important to note that national traits are not necessarily positive or negative. They simply reflect the unique characteristics of a nation or culture. However, it's essential to understand that stereotyping based on national traits can be harmful and lead to discrimination.
In conclusion, national traits are an integral part of a country's identity. They can be influenced by various factors, including history, government, economy, climate, and geography. It's important to appreciate the diversity of national traits and avoid making assumptions based on stereotypes.
12. Can you say that international organizations are an example of international cooperation? Give your examples.
CERN is the world's largest laboratory for research into particle physics the study of the elements of matter and how they interact with each other and with energy).
It was originally established in 1954 as one of Europe's first joint ventures to bring together the best scientists in Europe and to allow member countries to share the significant costs of setting up and running an atomic physics laboratory Today it has 20 member states, more than 2,500 full-time staff and provides the infrastructure and scientific instruments for the research projects.
These are to sponsor and help organize research projects that will lead to a better understanding of the universe, to push to the limit advances in different technologies, to educate the scientists of the future and to encourage international cooperation through science.
13.The reasons for international cooperation
International cooperation today plays an important role in the integration of peoples and cooperation between countries. It helps to establish business connections and find new acquaintances. This is how joint ventures are created. People can find sponsors for their projects and invest in others. International cooperation also helps to have free access to various data. It can also lead to competition and collision of companies on a global level. By cooperating with various countries, we can gain prestige that can help us in the future.
14.Being an ambassador
A rich diplomatic practice is an excellent way to prepare for being an ambassador. But it’s a tough job. In addition to promoting the interests of your country in a way that makes them understood by others, you have to take the interests of your partners, to forge consensus. Being strong and healthy is very important as an ambassador. You should develop necessary skills, such as in-depth thinking and analysis. You must be able to endure the long-hour meetings and conferences, be energetic all the time. The hardest part of the job — is to be woken up in the middle of a night to discuss a new crisis about which you don't have instructions.
15.Pros and cons of overseas postings
Overseas postings can bring both opportunities and make u face numerous challenges. It is essential to have a holistic approach to tackling problems that arise in a new environment. This requires thinking outside the box and applying creative ideas to find innovative solutions.
One advantage of overseas postings is the illumination it brings. Living and working in a different culture can open your mind and help you better grasp worldwide problems.
However, there are also potential drawbacks. Being in a new and unfamiliar environment can make individuals feel insular and isolated. Adjusting to a different culture, language, and way of doing things can be overwhelming and challenging.
In these situations, having a safe pair of hands can be invaluable. A trustworthy and reliable counterpart can make a significant difference.
Despite the potential difficulties, overseas postings provide opportunities to exploit.
Furthermore, being in a new environment requires individuals to turn their hand to anything. Being open to learning new skills and taking on tasks outside of one's comfort zone can lead to personal and professional growth.
16.Environmental catastrophes
Environmental catastrophes pose severe threats due to human activities.
So, everyone should think of the irreversible process of destroying our home. Although some of them are renewable, urban sprawl hasten deterioration of the environmental catastrophe.
Factories, machines, big cities have a direct impact on nature, leading to the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems. Huge numbers of endangered animals are no longer able to live in their natural habitat. If every human being tries to become a conservationist in some way, the draft of cleaning up our planet could become feasible. This problem should be given more implication.
17.An artistic temperament – what is it?
An artistic temperament can have a person that often think outside the box and is known for their ability to come up with unique and innovative ideas. They are lateral thinkers, constantly exploring different ways of solving problems.
Thinking outside the box means that they don't stick to usual or regular ways of thinking. They're open to different, creative approaches.
They are often described as a safe pair of hands. This means that they are reliable and trustworthy.
Furthermore, an artistic temperament often goes hand in hand with being a multi-tasker.
However, it is important to recognize that even individuals with an artistic temperament can have their hands tied. That means that they may face limitations that prevent them from fully expressing their creative ideas.
Individuals with an artistic temperament also have a quick insight into things. They are able to grasp concepts and ideas quickly and effortlessly. This ability allows them to have a deeper understanding of the world around them and to make connections.
18. How is creativity different to innovation?
Creativity and innovation are two different terms. Creativity refers to the ability to think in unconventional ways, to come up with new and original ideas. It involves thinking outside the box, being a blue sky thinker, and having a lateral thinking approach.
Creativity is not just about generating ideas, but also about taking those ideas and bringing them to life. This is where innovation comes into play. Innovation is using creative ideas to solve real problems. It means turning those ideas into practical solutions by checking, testing, and improving them to make sure they work well.
The innovation process can be broken down into several stages:
1.illumination (where the initial creative ideas are generated)
2.verification (the ideas are evaluated and tested if they can work out)
3.intimation (the ideas are refined and developed further. This may involve collaboration with others and seeking feedback and input)
4.incubation (the ideas are implemented and brought to life. This involves a holistic approach to tackling problems. It requires a safe pair of hands, someone who is reliable and capable to handle making it happen)
19. Rediscovering Famous people
Ibn Battuta returned to Tangier after a remarkable journey during which he covered over 75,000 miles, exploring lands from Spain to China. Despite starting his travels 125 years before Columbus and others, Ibn Battuta's exploits remained relatively unknown until the 19th century.
Ibn Battuta, a poet, and humanitarian, embarked on his initial pilgrimage at the age of 21 and only returned home 24 years later.
Ibn Battuta's curiosity about the wider world led him to continue his journey.
After returning to Tangier, he discovered his parents' passing during his absence. Despite this, he was celebrated posthumously as a famous wayfarer. A contemporary even suggested he could be called "the traveler of the entire Islamic world."
Ibn Battuta's travels, provided valuable insight into medieval Eastern civilization. His descriptions of lands such as Spain, Russia, Turkey, Persia, India, and China showcase his humanitarian perspective in an age when life was cheap.
20.Famous educators. Your examples
Jean Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher and educator writing in the 18th century. He set out his ideas on education in a novel entitled Emile. Rousseau's ideas on education, presented in the book, have influenced a modern approach to education and still have a strong impact on modern educational practice, especially on practice, called 'child-centred learning'. The essence of this approach is that the child-centred teacher tries to create an environment which will encourage children to discover new skills and knowledge. Teachers using this approach do not focus on imparting information but on helping children to discover information.
Another of Rousseau's important ideas was that things rather than people should be used to train a child. He argued that a teacher or parent should never lecture or preach to a child and that experience and interaction with things was a more effective teacher. For example, when Emile breaks a window, he finds that he gets cold because the window is not repaired. This is an example of discovery learning.
21. A good idea to use in life
People choose electronic LEDs (light emitting diodes) because they last for ages, never break and cut your energy bill. Traditional light bulbs haven't changed much since Thomas Edison invented them. They are simple but they are fragile and don't last very long.
Originally, there was a problem with their blue, white color, which was a side effect of a chemical used in their manufacture. Now they give off a warm, yellow light.
Although it is difficult to come up with a rigorous set of criteria to evaluate how good an idea is, many drivers would agree that satellite navigation systems (sat navs) are indispensable. You just type in the correct post code and the sat nav guides you to your destination.
Book swapping. You could try some websites that lets you exchange the books you won't read again for books that you do want to read. All users of this ingenious website provide a list of their unwanted books. If you find a book you like, you email its owner. The owner then looks at your list. Hopefully they will see a book they like. Then you both send each other your books. Simple. This is a good concept.