18. How is creativity different to innovation?

Creativity and innovation are two different terms. Creativity refers to the ability to think in unconventional ways, to come up with new and original ideas. It involves thinking outside the box, being a blue sky thinker, and having a lateral thinking approach.

Creativity is not just about generating ideas, but also about taking those ideas and bringing them to life. This is where innovation comes into play. Innovation is using creative ideas to solve real problems. It means turning those ideas into practical solutions by checking, testing, and improving them to make sure they work well.

The innovation process can be broken down into several stages:

1. illumination (where the initial creative ideas are generated)

2. verification (the ideas are evaluated and tested if they can work out)

3. intimation (the ideas are refined and developed further. This may involve collaboration with others and seeking feedback and input)

4. incubation (the ideas are implemented and brought to life. This involves a holistic approach to tackling problems. It requires a safe pair of hands, someone who is reliable and capable to handle making it happen)

19. Rediscovering Famous people

Ibn Battuta returned to Tangier after a remarkable journey during which he covered over 75,000 miles, exploring lands from Spain to China. Despite starting his travels 125 years before Columbus and others, Ibn Battuta's exploits remained relatively unknown until the 19th century.

Ibn Battuta, a poet, and humanitarian, embarked on his initial pilgrimage at the age of 21 and only returned home 24 years later.

Ibn Battuta's curiosity about the wider world led him to continue his journey.

After returning to Tangier, he discovered his parents' passing during his absence. Despite this, he was celebrated posthumously as a famous wayfarer. A contemporary even suggested he could be called "the traveler of the entire Islamic world."

Ibn Battuta's travels, provided valuable insight into medieval Eastern civilization. His descriptions of lands such as Spain, Russia, Turkey, Persia, India, and China showcase his humanitarian perspective in an age when life was cheap.

20. Famous educators. Your examples

Jean Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher and educator writing in the 18th century. He set out his ideas on education in a novel entitled Emile. Rousseau's ideas on education, presented in the book, have influenced a modern approach to education and still have a strong impact on modern educational practice, especially on practice, called 'child-centred learning'. The essence of this approach is that the child-centred teacher tries to create an environment which will encourage children to discover new skills and knowledge. Teachers using this approach do not focus on imparting information but on helping children to discover information.

Another of Rousseau's important ideas was that things rather than people should be used to train a child. He argued that a teacher or parent should never lecture or preach to a child and that experience and interaction with things was a more effective teacher. For example, when Emile breaks a window, he finds that he gets cold because the window is not repaired. This is an example of discovery learning.