ПК 1 Англ яз 3,4 семестры / INFINITIVE_GERUND_PARTICIPLE продолжение

INFINITIVE – разовое действие, завершено

Tense forms

AV

PV

н.в

Indefinite

to write

to be written

continuous

to be writing

--------------

п.в

perfect

to have written

to have been written

perfect continuous

to have been writing

--------------

simple forms

Subject (who? What?)

To be tired ( after the lesson ) is OK

predicative (do what)

modals/ comp.verbs/auxiliaries

I can go / He does love/ It is nice to talk to him

Object (What?)

glad

She was glad to see him

I want to go there

I seem to love him

The balloon seems to me on the horizon

attribute (which)

That is a nice game to play

That is a bad word to say

adv.m

purpose

(what purp.)

I am here to speak

result

(with what result)

too – I am too old to go there

enough – She is young enough to see this film

manner / comparison

(how)

as if / as though

He spoke as if to make a fuss

circumstances (why)

I am here to disprove you

“for” phrases

subject

For him to read it, that’s unusual

object

I have bought it for you to have it

attribute

A book for kids to read.

adv.m

manner

as if / as though

He stood up as if for us to see him

result

result

too - The day is too bad for us to commit a suicide

enough

“wh” phrases

subject

How to play was a question

predicative

The problem was what to wear

object

She doesn’t know who to ask

adv.m

She is old enough when to read this book

GERUND – длительное действие, непрерывность, незавершенность

tense forms

AV

PV

н.в.

indefinite

writing

being written

п.в.

perfect

having written

having been written

Simple forms

Subject

Reading the book is fun

predicative

My wish is getting outta here / I feel like reading

Object

direct

worth – It’s worth reading

prepositional / indirect

VERB+предлог > gerund

I can go out skating

attribute (in/at/of/for)

ОБЪЕКТ + in/at/of/for+ ger

The reason for living

The idea of doing

The wish in fighting

adv.m

time (when)

• Временные предлоги

On being late, he got caught

cause (why)

• For, because of

sorry for being late

manner

• By

I was surprised by reading this

circumstances

• Besides, instead, without

Besides being funny, she’s cute.

purpose

• For

He fought for fighting

condition

• In case во всех вариациях

In case of dying call me

concession

• in spite, despite

Despite being dead, visit me

Compound gerund

Verbal predicate

start, begin, continue, keep, go on, stop

I wanna keep going

Complex gerund

Subject

(It/here/there) His doing this is bad

It being there is not good

predicative

The problem is his getting up too late

object

direct

I can’t help doing this work

prepositional

I’m afraid of your falling in love with me

attribute

ОБЪЕКТ + in/at/of/for+ ger

There’s no harm in his loving adult books

adv.m - ЛЮБОЕ

I’ll do it after his leaving my place

GERUND VS VERBAL NOUN

Gerund

Verbal Noun

1

характеристика существительного и глагола

временные формы

1

характеристика существительного

временные формы -

2

залоговые формы

2

залоговые формы

3

NO PLURALS

reading was fine

3

PLURALS

Readings were fine

4

modified by adverb

reading good

4

modified by adjective or pronoun

a brilliant moving

5

Verbal predicate

5

Verbal predicate

6

NO article

reading is nice

6

YES article

A reading is nice

7

preposition in PRE position

7

preposition in POST position

reading of the novel

PARTICIPLE I

GERUND VS PARTICIPLE I

Gerund

Participle I

PARTICIPLE II