Case
.docxCase
Is the grammatically categories that shows the relation of the noun with the other words , in the sentences is expressed by the form of the noun.
Case have 2 elements: Common (Общий) and Possessive (Притяжательный)
The common case hasn’t inflections, but has general meaning
Ex: teacher, student
The Possessive case expresses possession belonging
Для одуш-х: N’s + N
Ex: Grandma glasses
Для неодуш-х: No of N
Ex: the leg of table
The Possessive Case is formed in the following ways:
by adding “s” or “just” (the apostrophe) to the stem of the noun in the singular not ending in “s”.
Ex: the boy’s toy, a child’s game, student’s grammar
by adding “only” to the noun in the plural. The second “s” is not used:
Ex: students’ life, workers’ wages
3) by adding an apostrophe (‘) and “s”, if a proper name ends in -s, -x, -z. In this case the full inflection is pronounced: Max’s ['mæksɪz] doubts
4) By adding the inflection “s” to the last element of a compound noun:
Ex: a brother-in-law’s virtues.
2. The possessive case use with inanimate nouns denoting:
1) time or distance: a moment’s silence, a two-miles’ drive.
2) seasons, years, months and days: a summer’s morning, July’s heat, today’s news.
3) countries, cities and towns: England’s history, France’s gardens.
4) unique nouns (the world, the sun, the moon, the earth, names of planets): the sun’s rays, the world’s history.
5) names of vessels: the ship’s crew, the yacht’s owner
6) ordinary objects: the river’s bed, the ocean’s roar
The group Possessive is used , when two coordinate nouns express join+ possession
Ex: Peter and Mary’s father – 1 common father
Ex: Peter’s and Mary’s fathers – 2 different fathers
Absolute Possessive is used:
1) to express some locality (with local meaning: a house, a shop, a clinic, an auction, etc.) : the baker’s, the barber’s
2) with partative meaning which equals to “one of” : Bess is a friend of my mother’s.
3) to express some strong emotions (mostly negative ones) : How I dislike that new boyfriend of Susan’s!
! When dedication is implied – we don’t use the Possessive Case