2 курс / Writing - Summary

Kuzina ББ-204.

The article "What Is Genetic Modification?" was written by Rachel Ross and published on February 1, 2019. The text talks about genetic modification, describes its processes, applications in agriculture and medicine, and also mentions the moral dilemma associated with it. Selective breeding of domesticated wheat may have begun around 9000 B.C., and has greatly influenced crop development. This early influence has paved the way for today's advanced genetic engineering techniques. In 1973, Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen have developed a technology to specifically cut and transfer DNA from one organism to another. As a result, Genetically modified foods have been engineered to improve crop yield, resist insects, and tolerate herbicides. The widespread use of GM crops has raised concerns about potential environmental impacts and has prompted discussions about industry control. In parallel with these developments in agriculture, genetic modification has also been explored to enhance growth, disease resistance, and muscle mass in animals and, potentially, humans. Advances in CRISPR technology have offered potential for precise gene editing, but have raised ethical questions. Ethical debates have surrounded the manipulation of human embryos using genetic engineering, therefore, the risks and implications have required careful consideration.

In conclusion, genetic modification remains complex, with both benefits and ethical challenges needing attention.