Physiology TT @prince_kaznmu

descending part of Henle loop ascending part of Henle loop distal convoluted tubule

Confirmation suitable under the definition of "renal threshold for exretion" concentration of the substance in the filtrate, at which it begins to be reabsorbed concentration of the substance in the blood at which it begins to appear in the urine glomerular filtration rate of substance in the capsule Shymlanskaya-Bowman maximum speed of secretion of a substance in the distal tubule

concentration ratio of renal function

Substance gets into the ultrafiltrate by filtration and secretion (substance is filtered and secreted) sodium ions

ammonia diodrast glucose urea

Cause of physiological oliguria

excessive sweating at temperature reactions presence of stones, tumors in urinary tract loss of fluid through sweat at hot weather uncontrollable vomiting

prolonged diarrhea

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution was introduced into the internal carotid artery of experimental animal.

Increased secretion of which hormone was caused by the introduction of this solution? natriuretic hormone

aldosterone vasopressin adrenaline thyroxine

Neurons of which department of central nervous system participated in the realization of voluntary regulation of 2-years-old child’s urination?

medulla oblongata cerebral cortex hypothalamus spinal cord midbrain

Value of daily diuresis of 5-year-old child (ml) 100-200 250-350 500-600

950-1050

1400-1500

Secondary sexual characteristics ovaries, their ducts

accessory glands genital apparatus features of the skeleton structure testes, their ducts

copulatory organs

Phenomenon is typical for boys at puberty period adrenarche

pollutions menopause menarche thelarche

Sexual interaction that, ultimately, leading to sexual intercourse, which consists of several stages and ends with the release of semen from the penis during stimulation of his head.

Which of the following is the name the described last stage of the cycle of copulation? psychological stage (awareness of sexual desire)

state of neurohumoral readiness copulation (friction) stage ejaculation stage

erection stage

Function of prostate’s secret

participates in the development of primary and secondary sexual characters inhibits the synthesis and secretion of folliliberin and follitropin

serves to lubricate the urethra before ejaculation. substrate for temporarily storing of sperm increases motility and fertility of sperm

Phase of the ovarian cycle in which occurs largest secretion (peak) of luteotrophic hormone formation corpus luteum on the site of ovulated follicle

mature follicle rupture and release of an ovum growth of 8 to 12 primary follicles is realized development of the follicle with ovum resorption phase of the corpus luteum

Contractions of uterus’s smooth muscles of woman during delivery sharply decreased. Delayed labor causes threat for fetus life.

Which of the mentioned hormones is reasonably to introduce a woman in childbirth? aldosterone

progesterone vasopressin

oxytocin estrogen

Average duration of the time during which is possibility of fertilization after intercourse. 1-2 hours

2 days

4-5 days

10 days

3-4 weeks

Process of female reproductive system regulated by luteotrophic hormone regulation of functions of mammary glands and corpus luteum proliferation of mammary glands, the secretion of milk

stimulation of contractions of the pregnant uterus development and maturation of sexual cells

an increase of muscular mass of the uterus

50-year-old woman’s functional changes are observed: an increase intervals between cycles, with a change of ovulatory cycles by anovulatory, decreased libido, vaginal dryness, complicating sexual intercourse, reducing the size of the mammary glands.

Which of the following is the cause of these functional disorders? premenopausal period

menopause - amenorrhea reduced production of prolactin

decrease of gonadotropin production

increase in estrogen production by the adrenal glands

Complex of age-related changes which connected with a gradual decrease of human sexual functions

thelarche adrenarche menopause postpuberty climacterium

Secondary sexual characters are absent in the 18-year-old youth.

Insufficient formation of hormones of which endocrine gland is the cause of this disorder? hypothalamic gonagoliberins

androgens of adrenal cortex androgens and estrogens of gonads

folliculotropin of anterior pituitary gland luteotrophic hormone of adenohypophysis

Hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the uterus in the first half of the menstrual cycle and the growth of the uterus during pregnancy promotes

oxytocin

estrogen prolactin progesterone

chorionic gonadotropin

PARAMETRS OF URINE DETERMINED AT THE FIRST STAGE OF THE URINALYSIS: number of leucocytes in 1 ml of blood

glomerular filtration rate renal concentrative function urine color and transparency reaction of urine (urine ph) creatinine clearance

INTRARENAL FACTORS INCREASING FILTRATION PROCESS: hydrostatic pressure of filtrate in the Bowman’s capsule

blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus dilatation (expansion) of the afferent arteriole constriction of the afferent arterioles

plasma colloid osmotic pressure rate of blood flow

REABSORPTION OF THIS SUBSTANCES IS PROVIDED BY ACTIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS:

carbon dioxide amino acids chlorine ions glucose protein

urea

SUBSTANCES THAT SECRETED INTO THE LUMEN OF THE RENAL TUBULES: hippuric acid

amino acids calcium ions penicillin sodium ions glucose

NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE FINAL URINE OF HEALTHY PEOPLE: acetone, bile acids, hemoglobin

Na, K, Ca2, Cl-, NH4, SO4- urobilin, urea, uric acid leukocytes, platelets proteins, amino acids

erythrocytes

ALDOSTERONE’S SECRETION IS ENHANCED BY: hypernatremia

hyponatremia hyperkalemia hypervolemia hypokalemia hypovolemia

EPITHELIAL CELLS WITH THE BRUSH BORDER, THAT INCREASE ABSORPTIVE SURFACE ARE LOCATED IN THE:

Shymlanskaya-Bowman’s capsule; proximal tubules.

collecting tubes; distal tubules loop of Henle; ureters;

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS: excretion hormones of pituitary in the urine maturation processes of sexual cells education and training of the child

the formation of the final urine libido, childbirth, lactation fertilization, perspiration

FUNCTIONS OF SEXUAL ADRENAL HORMONES: provide the libido and potency, male type of sexual behavior are synthesized primarily at childhood and at senile age

are synthesized mainly in the reproductive age of person determine development of the primary sexual characters determine development of secondary sexual characters stimulate ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum

TIME PERIODS THAT CHARACTERIZED OF SCHOOLGIRLS PUBERTY: climacterium

adrenarche menopause pollutions

lactation thelarche

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE:

stimulates the proliferation of ducts of mammary glands, secretion of milk provides the libido and potency, male type of sexual behavior

increasing mobility and fertility of sperm increases chorionic gonadotropin secretion has a catabolic effect

has an anabolic effect

HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE PLACENTA: chorionic gonadotropin

androstenedione progesterone

aldosterone oxytocin prolactin