Physiology TT @prince_kaznmu

an increase of proteases decrease of proteases

decrease of carbonic anhydrases

In the I. Pavlov’s laboratory prolonged time dogs were fed the same food by composition and were observed adaptation of secreted quantity and enzymatic composition of juice to the predominant of nutrients in the diet.

What is the enzymatic composition of the juice will prevail in a dog at carbohydrate diet? an increase of lipases

increase of carbonic anhydrases an increase of proteases decrease of proteases

decrease of carbonic anhydrases

The person’s jaundice is connected with increased hemolysis of erythrocytes and formation of free (unconjugated) bilirubin, which concentration in his blood is increased. The process of capturing of bilirubin by hepatocytes and its conjugation are not broken.

What change will occur in the urine? unconjugated bilirubin in urine is absent bilirubin in urine is present

colour of urine is physiologically yellow colour of urine is bright red

protein in urine is present

The patient’s jaundice is connected with liver disease, as result is breached in which disturbed the process of conjugation of bilirubin and is increased permeability of the cell membrane of hepatocytes, leading to increased concentrations of bound (conjugated) bilirubin in the blood. What change will occur in the urine?

unconjugated bilirubin in urine is absent bilirubin in urine is present

colour of urine is bright red urine is colorless

protein in urine is present

40-years-old man has complains on yellowness of the skin. Content of indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin in blood is increased, direct bilirubin in urine is not found. Content of urobilin in urine and content of stercobilin in the feces are present in significant amounts.

What the enzyme is involved in conjugation of bilirubin? glyukuroniltransferazy

creatinine-phosphokinase bileverdinreduktaza phosphocreatine mesobilinogen

During the experiment in the dog is completely removed a liver, as a result she died. What was the cause of death?

high blood pressure dehydration metabolism disorders intoxication

atony of bowels

Substance, the excess of which colours the patient’s urine in the color of "dark beer" sterkobilinogen

mezobilinogen urobilinogen stercobilin urobilin

Prothrombin content in the blood is decreased. What is the function of the liver is broken? deintoxication

homeostatic metabolic excretory storage

Type of intestinal motility in a patient with "fecal vomiting." rhythmical segmentation

antiperistalsic tonic contraction peristaltic pendular

Cause of diarrhea after prolonged antibiotic treatment intestinal microflora is broken

amino acids are not synthesized lowered the tone of the intestinal wall vitamins are not synthesized

water is not absorbed

In the experiment in animal: intestinal denervation was performed. How is changed the consistency of the stool of an animal after intestinal denervation?

fecal dilution is observed consistency of feces is solid consistency of stool becomes viscous

feces becomes very dense, in the form of lumps pieces of food are detected in the stool

After an injury the patient’s spinal cord at the border between the thoracic and lumbar departments is completely destroyed. How this damage is affected on the act of defecation? there is dilution of feces

there is difficulty of defecation process

there is an involuntary defecation pieces of food are detected in the stool consistency of stool become viscous

In long-term intaking of antibiotics stool becomes goldenyellow color. What is reason of this? violation formation of stercobilin from bilirubin by the intestinal flora

breaching of formation urobilin from bilirubin by the intestinal flora enhanced activity of bifidum and intestinal lactobacteria

increasing the conversion of bilirubin in stercobilin by the intestinal flora violation of intestinal-hepatic circulation of urobilinogen

EXCRETORY FUNCTION OF SALIVA MEANS A SECRETION OF urea, uric acid and alcohol

amino acids, globulins and fibrinogen drugs, salts of mercury and plumbum salts of phosphorus and iron, plumbum salts of calcium, potassium, magnezium amylase, maltase, mucin, lysozyme

CHARASTERISTICS OF CHORDAL SALIVA a little secreted, poor in enzymes

thick and mucous, rich in enzymes liquid and abundant, much enzymes liquid and abundant, poor in enzymes poor in inorganic substances

rich in organic substances

MAIN ORGANIC SUBSTANCES OF SALIVA mucin, lysozyme

nuclease, protease amylase, maltase uric acid

acid phosphatase alkaline phosphatase

ROLE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID OF GASTRIC JUICE swelling of proteins

hydrolysis of cellulose activation of pepsinogens inactivation lipase of saliva absorption of water and vitamins decreases of pancreatic secretion

ROLE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID OF GASTRIC JUICE

bactericidal action formation of stool activation of intestinal lipase

absorption of fat-soluble vitamins creating of optimal рН of gastric juice increase of secretion of pancreatic juice

SUBSTANCES, STIMULATING SECRETION OF GASTRIC JUICE gastrin, histamine

secretin, adrenaline polypeptides, somatostatin products of lipid hydrolysis products of protein hydrolysis products of starch hydrolysis

ENZYMES, HYDROLYSING PROTEINS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE chymosim

pepsin А pepsin С pepsin В gastrixin gelatinase

FACTORS, DETERMINING EVACUATION OF FOOD FROM STOMACH INTO DUODENUM

volume, composition, consistency and acidity of stomach contents increases of pressure in antral part of stomach and duodenum decrease of acidity and osmotic pressure of contents of stomach difference of pressure in pyloric part of stomach and duodenum decrease of pressure in duodenum and pyloric part of stomach increase of acidity in duodenum and decrease of antral part

FUNCTIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES improvement of dissimilation and assimilation

improvement of nervous regulation and trophic effect of GIT weakening of the nervous regulation and permeability improvement of blood circulation and trophic effect of the GIT influence on excitability of target cells

regulation of secretion, motility, absorption

SUBSTANCES, INCREASING SECRETION OF PANCREATIC JUICE gastrin, secretin, enterogastron

secretin, bombesin, motilin somatostatin, gastrin, gastron, cholecystokinin-pancreosimin pancreatic polypeptide

gastric inhibitory peptide

THE ROLE OF BILE IN DIGESTION activates the production of pepsinogen inactivates pancreas, intestinal lipase

reduces the absorption of cholesterol and calcium salts inhibits the secretion of enzymes of pancreatic juice inactivates pepsin and has a bactericidal effect

emulsifies fats and promotes its absorption in form of micelles

THE ROLE OF BILE IN DIGESTION inhibits intestinal motility

activates the production of pepsinogen inactivates pancreas, intestinal lipase

reduces the absorption of cholesterol and calcium salts

enhances intestinal motility and participates in the formation of feces participates in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, calcium salts.

FUNCTIONS OF BACTERIAS OF LARGE INTESTINE split of proteins, fats and carbohydrates

synthesis of vitamins K and B group participate in the formation of feces participate in specific immunity

are involved in nonspecific immunity

enhance the absorption of water, vitamins, amino acids

FUNCTIONS OF BACTERIAS OF LARGE INTESTINE hydrolyze cellulose

cause putrefaction of proteins promote excretion of slag

hydrolyze proteins, fats and carbohydrates participates in formation of feces participates in specific immunity

TROPHIC FUNCTION OF SALIVA IS EXCRETION OF: mercury

copper plumbum phosphorus cobalt calcium

ТРОФИЧЕСКАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ СЛЮНЫ ЗАКЛЮЧАЕТСЯ В ВЫДЕЛЕНИИ: Ртути Меди Свинца Фосфора Кобальта Кальция

EXCRETED SUBSTANCE OF BILE:

Lecithin

Cholesterol

Bilirubin

Biliverdin

Fatty acid

Bile acids

ADMINISTERING OF ATROPINE INTRAVENOUSLY IN DOG IS CAUSES: blockade of transmission in the cholinergic synapses of n. vagus

activation of G-cells of antral epithelium weakening of the motor function of the intestine strengthening of the motor function of the stomach

acceleration of transmission in the cholinergic synapses of n. vagus dilution of stool

Homeostatic function of the kidneys

synthesis of a number of substances with hormonal effects excretion of end products of nitrogen metabolism metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates

maintenance of blood pressure leucopoiesis

Part of nephron participating in a filtration processs

ascending and descending parts of the Henle’s loop capsule with a glomerulus of capillaries

proximal convoluted tubules distal convoluted tubules collecting tubule (duct)

Feature of the blood supply of the kidneys

only one capillary systems, low pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus two capillary systems, high pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles same

efferent arterioles wider than afferent there is only afferent arteriole

Substances for which basal membrane is a filtration barrier calcium, sodium, potassium ions

erythrocytes, leukocytes fibrinogen, globulins glucose, sucrose albumins

Department of the nephron in which obligatory reabsorption of substances is realized descending part of the loop of Henle

ascending part of the loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubules

distal convoluted tubule collecting duct

Stage of urine formation in which excretion certain substances from the blood into the lumen of the tubules is realized against a concentrative or electrochemical gradient.

excretion of end products of metabolism glomerular filtration

tubular reabsorption concentration of urine tubular secretion

Which ions secretion by cells of renal epithelium promotes stabilization of constant of plasma acid-base balance?

Ca2, Mg2

H, NH4

K, Ca2

Na, K

H, Na

Function of renin that synthesized in the kidney

regulation of calcium reabsorption in the intestine and kidney stimulation of formation of erythrocytes in the bone marrow regulation of sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

the activation of plasminogen (fibrinolysis) regulation of blood pressure

Part of nephron where antidiuretic hormone regulates water permeability thin descending limb of the Henle loop

thick ascending limb of the Henle loop proximal convoluted tubule Shumlyansky-Bowman's capsule collecting tubule

The volume of urine which caused a dominant urge to urinatation 50 ml

100 ml

200 ml

300 ml

500 ml

Compensatory mechanisms of maintenance the intravascular and extracellular fluid volume in the elderly people

increased blood flow in the medulla layer of kidney, reducing reabsorption of water sclerosis of the arteries and vessels of glomerulus in the cortical layer of the kidney enhanced secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland

the tone of the urinary bladder is lowered with a decrease in its volume lack of concentration ability of the kidney

Process which is accompanied by decreasing of progesterone level and increasing of oxytocin level.

formation of corpus luteum on place of ovulated follicle pregnancy

ovulation lactation childbirth

Hormones which regulated ripening of testis, spermatogenesis, ovarian-menstrual cycle, formation estrogen and testosterone:

folliliberin, luliberin, folliculotropin, luteinizing adrenocorticotropin, oxytocin progesterone, adrenal androgens prolactin, chorionic gonadotropin

Primary sexual characters

Fat deposits on the thighs, development and presence of mammary glands additional glands of the sexual apparatus, copulatory organs

features of skeleton structure, increase of width of shoulders increasing growth of axillary hairs, body, face, lips hairs: change the timbre, "breaking" of the voice

Characteristic of puberty

person becomes fully sexually mature, maximum level of blood sexual hormones maturation of the sex glands, organs, formation of secondary sexual characteristics regular ovulatory cycles are replaced by irregular anovulatory cycles

adrenal glands are involved in puberty processes development of mammary glands at 8-10 years old girls

The definition of term "libido"

strengthening the blood supply of the penis, penis become hard and elongated throw out semen from internal urethra at irritation of penis

sexual interaction - sexual intercourse sexual motivation (desire)

sexual ritual behavior

Mostly essential hormones for normal development and functioning of the seminiferous tubules folliculotropin, luteotropin

folliculotropin, testosterone luteotropin, testosterone folliculotropin, oxytocin luteotropin, oxytocin

Characteristic of an ovulation

formation on the site of the ruptured follicle of corpus luteum secreting progesterone rupture of mature follicle and out of ovum from cavity

break down of the functional layer of the endometrium development of the follicle containing an ovocyte resorption phase of the corpus luteum

In woman’s body fertilization process occurs in: vagina

uterus abdomen fallopian tube cervical canal

Function of fallopian tubes is place of synthesis and secretion of some hormones realizing of oogenesis

development of fetus realizing of ovulation place of fertilization

Period of a fertility phase

from the starting ovulation and ending is 48 hours after ovulation (6-8 days) starts 2-4 days after ovulation and the end of the menstrual period (10-16 days) begins from last day of menstruation and lasts till ovulation (6-12 days) coincides with the period of ovulation (about 3 days)

coincides with the period of menstruation (days 3-5)

Characteristic of the adrenarche period

from first lack of menstruation and next 12 months in women over 45 years active formation of reproductive function of the female organism participation of the adrenal glands in the puberty

development of mammary glands in girls 8-10 years old time of the onset of menarche

Period onset of climacterium in men till 40 years

over 45-50 years over 52-57 years over 60-65 years over 70-75 years

Considerable decrease of diuresis was caused in experimental animal. Simultaneously was revealed that its blood possess of vasoconstrictor activity.

Which of these hormone has a double effect? adrenalin

natriuretic aldosterone somatotropic antidiuretic

At examination of person’s renal function is settled: was excreted 8 ml of urine for 2 minutes. The concentration of inulin in urine is 60 mg/ml, concentration of inulin in plasma is 2 mg/ml. According to the presented data, calculate the glomerular filtration rate by the formula:

R = (V x Uin )/Pin. 12 ml/min

120 mg/min

120 ml/min

240 ml/min

480 ml/min

Reason caused the decrease of person's urine formation at night during sleeping activation Hess center that decreased activity of reticular formation

increase synthesis and secretion of the melatonin hormone reduced of heart rate contractions

decrease of blood pressure decrease of blood flow rate

Blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus is 70 mm Hg, plasma oncotic pressure - 30 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure of filtrate in the capsule - 20 mm Hg.

Calculate the value of filtration pressure (mm Hg). 50 40 30 20 10

In which part of the nephron passing through it urine is became hypertonic? proximal convoluted tubule of nephron

Shumlyansky-Bowman's capsule