Physiology TT @prince_kaznmu

dyspnea tachypnea hyperpnoea bradypnea

Change of respiration associated with a sense of lack of air apnea

dyspnea tachypnea hyperpnoea bradypnea

Reflex that observed at inflating of the dog’s lungs during inspiration: inspiratory-inhibitory

facilitating the expiratory, paradoxical of Heda inspiratory of Frederick expiratory of Hering

Reflex that observed at inflating of the dog’s lungs during expiration: inspiratory-inhibitory

expiratory-facilitating paradoxical of Hed inspiratory of Frederick expiratory of Hering

Reflex that observed at strong inflating of the dog’s lungs during expiration: inspiratory-inhibitory

the expiratory-facilitating paradoxical of Hed inspiratory of Frederick expiratory of Hering

Receptors which respond to the action of pungent gases, tobacco smoke, cold air and dust: juxtacapillar

proprioceptors hemoreceptors irritant J-receptors

Receptors which respond to overflow of pulmonary capillaries by blood and increasing of interstitial fluid volume in alveoli walls

juxtacapillar proprioceptors hemoreceptors irritant

stretching

The receptors that responded to the stretching of lungs during inspiration: juxtacapillar

proprioceptors hemoreceptors irritant J-receptors

During practice at some healthy students were determined value of VCL at normal conditions. The obtained results were not the same.

What factors that determine the different indicators of the VCL of tested students? gender, height, weight

the level of metabolic processes

gender, age, height, fitness of the organism

gender, age, a level of metabolic processes, body position age, height, physical fitness, a level of metabolic processes

MRV of two testees was determined during an experiment. First person (A) has MRV = 9000 ml, RR =16; second person (B) has MRV = 8000ml, RR = 30.

Calculate the alveolar ventilation of each person and determine which person's effectiveness of the alveolar ventilation is higher.

A=5500ml, B= 3600ml, is higher in B A=4200ml, B=6100ml, is higher in A A=3900ml, B=5300ml, is higher in A A=4500ml, B=6800ml, is higher in B A=6600ml, B=3500ml, is higher in A

In the lungs diffusion of oxygen occurs across the alveolar-capillary membrane by a concentration gradient between the alveoli and the capillary bed. This process involves: 1. Erythrocyte. 2..Hemoglobin. 3. Alveocyte (pneumocyte). 4. Endotheliocyte. 5. Plasma. 6. Basal membrane. 7. The alveolar air.

The path taken by an oxygen molecule from the alveoli into the erythrocyte 7,1,2,3,5,46 6,1,4,7,5,2,3 3,2,5,6,1,7,4 2,4,6,5,1,3,7 2,4,7,1,6,3,5 #312

In the lungs diffusion of carbon dioxide occurs across the alveolar-capillary membrane by a concentration gradient between the blood of capillary bed and alveoli air. This process involves: 1. Plasma. 2. Erythrocyte. 3. Hemoglobin. 4. Alveocyte (pneumocyte). 5. Endotheliocyte. 6. Basal membrane. 7. The alveolar air.

The path of an carbon dioxide molecule from tye erythrocyte into the alveoli.

7,1,2,3,5,4,6

6,1,4,7,5,2,3

2,4,6,5,1,37

5,2,3,6,1,7,4

5,3,6,4,1,7,2

Expiratory reserve volume at TLC = 5.80 L, FRC=3.20 L, VC = 4.60 L. 1,20 L

1,40 L

1,80 L

2,60 L

2,00 L

Minute respiratory volume (L / min) in 45-year-old women, weighing 57 kg, respiratory rate 12 and tidal volume = 400 ml.

4,0

4,6

4,8

4,9

5,2

Miner in the coal-face breaths by air containing 18% oxygen, barometric pressure of 747 mm. Hg and pressure of water vapor = 47 mm. Hg.

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the inspired air? 126 mm Hg

134 mm Hg

143 mm Hg

147 mm Hg

152 mm Hg

For calculation proper value of vital capacity of lungs is necessary next data of person: height, age, fitness of the body

height, age, basal metabolism gender, weight, age

height, weight, age gender, height, age

Physiological dead space is the sum of: tidal volume and expiratory capacity alveolar dead space and residual volume

anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space anatomic dead space and expiratory reserve volume anatomic dead space and functional residual capacity

Formation of carbonic acid reaction is catalyzed in erythrocytes by enzyme ribonuclease

cathepsin phosphatase proelastaza carbonic anhydrase

The method currently used for obtain data about the location of structures of the respiratory center

stimulation of brain areas in the experience of "vivisection" transection of the brain at different levels

destruction of the definite structures of the brain cooling of certain brain structures

reistration of biopotentials of separate neurons

Coefficient of oxygen utilization at rest (%) 10-20 30-40 50-60 70-80 90-100

Coefficient of oxygen utilization during heavy muscular work (%) 10-20 30-40 50-60 70-80 90-100

Change of breathing after transection of the spinal cord at the level of the upper cervical segments

is stopped is deepened is weakened

is accelerated is slowed

Change of breathing after transection of the brain above the medulla oblongata: is is temporarily stopped

is deepened, accelerated is weakened, accelerated

is weakened, is slowed down is deepened, is slowed down

Change of breathing after transection of the brain above the Varolii pons is temporarily stopped

remains the same

is deepened, accelerated

is weakened, accelerated is weakened, slowed down

Change of breathing after transection of the spinal cord between the cervical and thoracic departments

is temporarily stopped remains the same

is weakened, accelerated

is weakened, considerably slowed down is weakened, rhythm remains the same

Segment that shows the tidal volume

4

3

2

1

1-2

Segment that shows the inspiratory reserve volume

4

3

1

2

1-2

Segment that shows the expiratory reserve volume

4

2

1

3

1-2

Segment that shows the vital capacity of lungs

2

3

1

4

1-2

Formula for calculation of alveolar ventilation

AV = TV x RR

AV = VCL RV

AV = FRC - ERV

AV = (TV-ADS) x RR

AV = (TVERVIRV)

Total amount of new air passing through the lungs each minute is called alveolar ventilation

vital capacity of the lungs functional residual volume minute respiratory volume tidal volume

Space that is combination of the anatomical and alveolar dead space nasal, pleural

tracheal, bronchial dead, harmful alveolar, dead physiological, dead

Cotton tampon dipped in ammonia chloride is lifted to nose of tested person. The person stopped breathing, then he coughed. Which receptors are involved in this reflex? juxtacapillar

proprioceptors hemoreceptors irritant J-receptors

The reflex response that characterized in bronchi narrowing and hyperpnoea is realized through receptors:

juxtacapillar proprioceptors hemoreceptors irritant J-receptors

Receptors are involved in the realization of the Hering-Breuer reflex: juxtacapillar

proprioceptors hemoreceptors irritant J-receptors

The patient found shortness of breath, on the background of left ventricular failure and interstitial pulmonary edema. Which receptors, possibly, are participated in this reaction?

proprioceptors hemoreceptors irritant J-receptors stretching

Broncho-constriction is evoked by: parasympathetic nerves sympathetic nerves

prostaglandin epinephrine

serotonin

At rapid tie up of newborn’s umbilical cord: respiration become more frequent respiration become seldom

first inspiration don’t occurs not change of respiration first inspiration is occurs

Maximum amount of oxygen that can bind 100 ml of blood in case of full saturation of hemoglobin by oxygen:

oxygen capacity of the blood dissociation of oxyhemoglobun arterial-venous difference in blood coefficient of utilization of oxygen partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

After prolonged stoppage of breathing is observed:

voluntary apnea voluntary eupnea voluntary dyspnea involuntary (reflex) apnea

involuntary (reflex) dyspnea

Reason of appearance of apnea: hypercapnia and increased pH of blood hypocapnia and decreased pH of blood hypercapnia and decreased pH of blood hypocapnia and increased pH of blood hyperoxia and increased pH of blood

The neurons of the medulla oblongata which start to be excited in the inspiratory phase and remains to be active in the beginning of expiration:

continuous early complete late complete

expiratory-inspiratory inspiratory-expiratory

FACTORS AFFECTING ON THE DECREASING OF THE HEMOGLOBIN AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN

decrease of PCO2 a rise of pH

a fall of temperature a rise temperature

increase of 2,3-DPG concentration in erythrocytes

decrease of the concentration of 2,3-DPG in the erythrocytes

FACTORS AFFECTING ON THE DECREASING OF THE HEMOGLOBIN AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN

decrease of PO2 decrease of PCO2 a rise of pH

a fall of pH increase of PCO2

a fall of temperature

TYPES OF CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT IN THE BLOOD hemoglobin

methemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin carbohemoglobin carboxyhemoglobin salts of carbonic acid

DYNAMIC INDICATORS OF VENTILATION OF LUNGS minute respiratory volume

total lung capacity vital capacity

functional residual capacity alveolar ventilation rate tidal volume

STATIC INDICATORS OFVENTILATION OF LUNGS functional residual capacity

minute respiratory volume respiratory rate

maximum voluntary ventilation of lungs tidal volume

alveolar ventilation rate

STATIC INDICATORS VENTILATION OF LUNGS total lung capacity

vital capacity respiratory rate

maximum voluntary ventilation of lungs alveolar ventilation rate

breathing reserve

DYNAMIC INDICATORS CHARACTERIZING VOLUMETRIC VELOCITY OF AIR FLOW respiratory rate

minute respiratory volume

volume of forced inspiration per first second peak volumetric rate of inspiration and respiration forced vital capacity of the lungs

forced expiratory volume in the first second

TYPES OF MECHANORECEPTORS IN THE HUMAN AIRWAY J-receptors

irritant chemoreceptors adrenoreceptors proprioceptors

stretch receptors of lungs

REFLEXES OF HERING BREUER effect of Hering

expiratory-inhibitory inspiratory-facilitating reciprocal inhibition inspiratory-inhibitory expiratory-facilitating

MAIN INSPIRATORY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES breast

diaphragm scalene trapezius

external intercostal internal intercostal

ACCESSORY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES OF INSPIRATION diaphragm

inter-cartilaginous trapezius

external intercostal internal intercostal sternocleidomastoid

MECHANISMS PARTICIPATED IN THE ADAPTATION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TO HIGHER ALTITUDE

decrease of the number of capillarie decrease of the alveolar ventilation decrease of the amount of hemoglobin increase of the number of red blood cell increase of alveolar ventilation reduction of diffusion capacity

MECHANISMS PARTICIPATED IN THE ADAPTATION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TO HIGHER ALTITUDE

decrease of the number of capillarie decrease of the alveolar ventilation lowering of the amount of hemoglobin reduction of diffusion capacity increase of diffusion capacity

shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left

FACTORS DETERMINING SPEED OF GAS TRANSFER ACROSS THROUGH ALVEOLAR-CAPILLARY MEMBRANES

thickness of the membrane presence of carriers oxygen blood capacity diffusion coefficient of gas