Physiology TT @prince_kaznmu
.pdfperipheral visceral linked cardiac intestinal
The parameter characterizing the perfusion in organs system pressure
vascular resistance
linear blood flow velocity volume blood flow velocity time of the full circuit of blood
Parameter is called minute volume of blood linear velocity in greater circulation
volumetric blood flow velocity in the greater circulation volumetric blood flow velocity in the lesser circulation volumetric velocity in the greater and lesser circulation
time of full circulation of blood through the greater and lesser circulation
"Basic" blood pressure (mm Hg) 100/60 105/75 110/80 120/80 125/80
Peak of «v» wave on the phlebogram shows rapid emptying of the atria
increase in pressure in the veins systole of the right atrium pulsation of the carotid artery atrial diastole
Wave of phlebogram coinciding with the systole of the right atrium "a"
«v»
«d»
«c»
«z»
Part of sphygmogram, showed period of rapid ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
anacrota catacrota incisura
dicrotic wave dicrotic notch
Changes that occur with increasing hydrostatic pressure in the venous end of the capillary increase of secretion
strengthening of filtration increase of reabsorption reduction of the filtration decrease of reabsorption
The regulatory mechanisms to maintain arterial pressure, providing urgent self-regulation baroand chemoreceptor reflexes
the renin-angiotensin system osmoreceptor reflexes aldosterone system ischemic mechanism
Processes of maintenance of vascular tone related to the mechanisms of long-acting relaxation of tense muscles
baroand chemoreceptor reflexes changes of the transcapillary exchange decrease of the filtration pressure aldosterone and renin-angiotensin system
Nervous fibers caused vasodilatory effect on the coronary vessels, vessels of the brain and skeletal muscles
adrenergic at the action on alpha 1 - adrenergic receptors adrenergic at the action of alpha 2 - adrenergic receptors adrenergic at the action of beta 1 - adrenergic receptors cholinergic at the action on the M-choline receptors cholinergic at the action on the H-choline receptors
Nervous fibers caused vasodilatory effect on the coronary vessels, vessels of the oral cavity, pelvis, genitals, salivary glands
adrenergic at the action on alpha 1 - adrenergic receptors adrenergic at the action of alpha 2 - adrenergic receptors adrenergic at the action of beta1 - adrenergic receptors cholinergic at the action on the M-choline receptors cholinergic at the action on the H-choline receptors
Nervous fibers caused vasoconstrictor effect of blood vessels adrenergic at the action on alpha 1 - adrenergic receptors adrenergic at the action of alpha 2 - adrenergic receptors adrenergic at the action of beta1 - adrenergic receptors cholinergic at the action on the M-choline receptors cholinergic at the action on the H-choline receptors
Humoral substance which increases vascular tone natriuretic hormone
acetylcholine aldosterone bradykinin histamine
Humoral substance lowered vascular tone natriuretic hormone
adrenalin aldosterone serotonin vasopressin
FEATURES OF BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF SINUS NODE’S CELLS fast spontaneous diastolic depolarization
slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization insignificantly expressed of plateau prolonged plateau
small steepness of rise of the action potential membrane potential = - 90 mV
CARDIAC CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM ENSURES rhythmic generation of action potential maintenance of myocardial tone
contractility of the heart muscle synchronicity of myocardium function refractoriness of myocardium
tetanic contractions
FEATURES OF CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY
strength of contractions depends on the number of simultaneous contracted fibers number of contracted fibers is always the same
strength of contractions of the separate fibers may vary it is obeys to the law of power relations
it is obeys to the law "all or nothing"
function in regime of simple muscle contraction
"PLATEAU" PHASE OF ACTION POTENTIAL OF WORKING CARDIOMYOCYTE IS ENSURED BY THE MOVEMENT OF IONS
slow influx of sodium-calcium fast influx of sodium-calcium slow efflux of potassium
fast efflux of calcium
fast influx of sodium fast influx of potassium
CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM IN SARCOPLASM OF CARDIOMYOCYTE IS INCREASED AS A RESULT OF ITS MOVEMENT
entry from the intercellular medium exit from the intercellular medium entry into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
exit from release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
entry during the action potential from the intercellular mediium exit during action potentials from the intercellular medium
WORKING CARDIOMYOCYTE POSSESS OF excitability
irritability contractility flexibility automaticity tone
ATYPICAL CARDIOMYOCYTE POSSESS OF excitability
irritability contractility flexibility automaticity tone
тонусом
TO ENHANCE THE ACTIVITY OF HEART LEADS EXCITATION OF REFLEX ZONES baroreceptors of the right atrium and vena cava (Bainbridge)
mechanoreceptors and aortic baroreceptors pulmonary artery baroreceptors (Parin) chemoreceptors aorta, carotid sinus, pericardial baroreceptors left atrium
mechanoreceptors of 1-st order of carotid sinus
INHIBITION OF CARDIAC ACTIVITY IS CAUSED BY EXCITATION OF REFLEXOGENIC ZONES
baroreceptors of vena cava (Bainbridge) baroreceptors of left atrium
carotid mechanoreceptors of 2-nd order pulmonary artery baroreceptors (Parin)
chemoreceptors of aorta, the carotid sinus, pericardium mechanoreceptors of carotid sinus of 1-st order
HUMORAL SUBSTANCES THAT ENHANCES THE WORK OF THE HEART
vasopressin thyroxine acetylcholine bradykinins prostaglandin adrenaline
MECHANISMS, STIMULATEd THE PRODUCTION OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE content of aldosterone in the blood
change of sodium level in the blood decreasing of tubular reabsorption increase of antidiuretic hormone reduction of circulating blood volume
stretching of atriums by volume of arrived blood flow
MECHANISMS, STIMULATED THE PRODUCTION OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE content of aldosterone in the blood
blood content of vasopressin influence of extracardiac nerves decreasing of tubular reabsorption increase of antidiuretic hormone reduction of circulating blood volume
INCREASING MECHANISMS OF BLOOD PRESSURE AFTER DOSAGE EXERCISE reflex increase of SNS tone from proprioceptors
reflex increase of SNS tone from interoceptors reflex increase of PNS tone from proprioceptors reflex increase of PNS tone from exteroreceptors
increase of tone of depressor department from vascular baroreceptors increase of tone of pressor department from vascular chemoreceptors
DEFINITION OF TERM "MICROCIRCULATION" INCLUDES motion of fluid in the intracellular space
motion of the fluid in the extracellular space movement of lymph and blood through microvessels movement of blood through the magistral arteries motion of electrolytes in the extracellular space motion of blood in veins of middle calibre
MECHANISMS THAT ENSURED THE MOVEMENT OF BLOOD THROUGH THE VEINS heart function
pressure gradient elasticity of blood vessels minute volume of blood
presence of valves in the veins the volume of circulating blood
HUMORAL FACTORS THAT CAUSES VASODILATION adrenalin
histamine thyroxine acetylcholine vasopressin angiotensin-II
HUMORAL FACTORS THAT CAUSES VASODILATION vasopressin
angiotensin-II lactic acid aldosterone adenosine thyroxine
HUMORAL FACTORS THAT INCREASES THE TONE OF VESSELS epinephrine; norepinephrine
vasopressin histamine acetylcholine lactic acid
natriuretic hormone
HUMORAL FACTORS THAT INCREASES THE TONE OF VESSELS acetylcholine
lactic acid natriuretic hormone
renin-angiotensin system aldosterone
adenosine
Volume of air entering in the lungs during quiet breathing tidal
residual volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume vital capacity of the lungs
Volume of air entering in the lungs during quiet breathing tidal
residual volume
inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume vital capacity of the lungs
Volume of air additionally inspired after normal inspiration respiratory
residual volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume vital capacity of the lungs
Volume of air additionally expired after normal expiration tidal
residual volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume vital capacity of the lungs
Volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration respiratory
residual volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume vital capacity of the lungs
Volume of air remaining in the lungs after ordinary quiet expiration respiratory volune
inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume vital capacity of the lungs functional residual volume
Capacity which is combination of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. inspiratory
expiratory
total capacity of lungs vital capacity of lungs functional residual
Capacity composed of volumes of air, which is in the lungs at the end of maximal inspiration inspiratory
expiratory total
vital residual
Group of the respiratory muscles, which includes the diaphragm, external intercostal, internal inter-cartilaginous muscles
smooth mixed expiratory inspiratory
skeletal striated
Group of the respiratory muscles, which includes abdominal and internal intercostal muscles smooth
mixed inspiratory expiratory skeletal striated
Dominant type of breathing in male chest
mixed inspiratory expiratory diaphragm
Dominant type of breathing in women chest
mixed expiratory inspiratory diaphragmatic
Value of pressure in pleural cavity at the end of quiet expiration (mm Hg) 0 -1 - 3 -6 -20
Value of pressure in the pleural cavity at the end of quiet inspiration (mm Hg) 0 -1 -3 - 6 -20
Author of an experiment which demonstrates the mechanism of changes of volume of the lungs during breathing?
Breuer
Goltz
Hering
Donders
Frederick
Substance that lowers alveoli surface tension, increases lung extensibility and prevents alveoli collapse
heparin dopamine bradykinin interferon surfactant
Space where gas exchange does not occur, but inspired air is warmed, cooled, moistened, cleaned from dust and microorganisms
pleural bronchial dead, harmful alveolar, dead
physiological, dead
The space in the airways, which is filled by a part of the inspired air, not participating in gas exchange, without altering its composition and leaving the lungs during expiration
pleural bronchial dead, harmful alveolar, dead
physiological, dead
Space which is filled by a part of an air entering into the alveoli without blood supply or alveoli with uncoordinated processes of ventilation and blood flow
pleural bronchial dead, harmful alveolar, dead
physiological, dead
The gas composition of alveolar air 20.94% O2 0.03% CO2, 79,03% N2 18-18.5% O2, 2,5-3% CO2, 79,5% N2 16-16.5% O2, 3,5-4% CO2, 79,7% N2 14-14.5% O2, 5.0-6% CO2, 80.0% N2 12-12.5% O2, 6.5-7% CO2, 80.0% N2
The gas composition of inspired air 20.94% O2 0.03% CO2, 79,03% N2
18-18.5% O2, 2,5-3% CO2, 79,5% N2 16-16.5% O2, 3,5-4% CO2, 79,7% N2 14-14.5% O2, 5.0-6% CO2, 80.0% N2 12-12.5% O2, 6.5-7% CO2, 80.0% N2#296
The gas composition of expired air 20.94% O2 0.03% CO2, 79,03% N2 18-18.5% O2, 2,5-3% CO2, 79,5% N2 16-16.5% O2, 3,5-4% CO2, 79,7% N2 14-14.5% O2, 5.0-6% CO2, 80.0% N2 12-12.5% O2, 6.5-7% CO2, 80.0% N2
The maximum amount of oxygen that can bind 100 ml of blood at total saturation of hemoglobin by oxygen
minute volume of blood systolic blood volume minute respiratory volume vital capacity of the lungs oxygen capacity of the blood
Changing of the respiration observed at reflex decreasing of an activity of the respiratory center, and during influence of hypoxia:
apnea dyspnea tachypnea hyperpnoea bradypnea
Change of the normal respiration after hyperventilation of lungs due decrease of pCO2 of arterial blood and fall of excitability of the respiratory center:
apnea dyspnea tachypnea hyperpnoea bradypnea
Change of the respiration, which is accompanied by a decrease of the depth and increase of respiratory rate: apnea
dyspnea tachypnea hyperpnoea bradypnea
Change of the respiration that occurred in norm during at exercise, emotions, pain: apnea