Physiology TT @prince_kaznmu
.pdfPractice tests for the students Physiology of organs and systems-2 2024-2025
Depolarization of the right and left atriums on ECG indicates
Pwave
Twave
Qwave QRS interval interval P-Q
Fast final of ventricular repolarization on the ECG indicates wave
T wave Q wave
QRS interval interval P-Q
Time of atrioventricular delay on ECG indicates
Q wave
P-Q segment
P-Q interval
QRS interval
Q-T interval
Time of atrioventricular conduction on ECG indicates
Q wave
P-Q segment
P-Q interval
QRS interval
Q-T interval
The electrical ventricular systole on the ECG shows
Q wave
P-Q segment
P-Q interval
QRS interval
Q-T interval
What phase of cardiac activity corresponds to the pressure in the left ventricle 50 mm. Hg? isometric contraction
asynchronous contraction rapid blood ejection slow blood ejection protodiastole
What phase of cardiac activity corresponds to the pressure in the left ventricle 125 mm. Hg? slow blood ejection
isometric contraction asynchronous contraction rapid blood ejection rapid blood filling
What phase of cardiac activity corresponds to the pressure in the right ventricle 20 mm Hg? slow blood ejection
isometric contraction asynchronous contraction rapid blood ejection rapid blood filling
Limit of tension or stretching of left ventricle’s wall at the end of diastole: preload
afterload stroke volume minute volume cardiac output
Limit of tension or contraction of ventricle’s wall during of systole preload preload
afterload stroke volume minute volume cardiac output
Experience proves the ability of the heart to the automaticity
strengthening of the heart activity with stimulation of the sympathetic nerves inhibition of the heart activity at cooling the sino-atrial node
contractions of heart after its isolation from the body ligation into separate areas of the heart
registration of open heart’s cardiogram
Heart tissue consists from different cells. In the study of heart tissue by introducing a microelectrode in one of them there is a spontaneous decrease of the membrane potential. In which type of cells is observed self-excitation change?
contractile ventricular cardiomyocyte contractile atrial cardiomyocyte intramural neuron
pacemaker cell cardiomyocyte
Confirmation suitable for the concept of "Gradient of automaticity"
increasing ability to generate of AP as the distance from the SA node is longer increasing ability to generate AP as the distance from the AV node is longer decreasing ability to generate AP as the distance from the SA node is longer decreasing ability to generate AP as the distance from the AV node is longer the ability to generate AP greatest in the Hiss bundle
Structure suitable for the definition of "Pacemaker of 1st order" bundle of Hiss
bundle of Bachman Purkinje fibers sinoatrial node atrioventricular node
During experimental recording of animal’s cardiogram by applying electrical stimuli additional irritation to the open heart was performed.
What is the physiological parameter of the heart changed? strength
frequency automaticity excitability conductivity
Significance of atrio-ventricular delay of excitation promotion of myocardium’s work as a functional syncytium coordination of atrial and ventricular contractions
the transfer of excitation from the atria to the ventricles
the transfer of excitation from the AV node to the bundle of Hiss one-way conduction of excitations
Intercellular connections for synchronous function of cardiomyocytes close contacts
gap junctions intercalated disks creative connections synapses
The effect that observed by cutting the fibers of right vagus positive chronotropic
positive dromotropic negative chronotropic negative bathmotropic negative inotropic "-"
The effect that observed by cutting the fibers of left vagus positive chronotropic
positive dromotropic
negative bathmotropic negative tonotropic negative inotropic
Effect observed during irritation of augmentor nerve positive chronotropic
positive dromotropic positive bathmotropic positive tonotropic positive inotropic
Basic formula of hemodynamics
P = Q/R
P = R/Q
R = P/Q
Q = P/R
Q = R/P
Pulse pressure characterizes the heart activity
state of greater (systemic) circulation’s vessels state of lesser (pulmonary) circulation’s vessels state of microcirculation (capillary vessels) correspondence of heart work and state of vessels
Characteristics of pulse determined by intervals between pulse waves rhythm
voltage filling the size the form
Size of the pulse determines
rate of the change of the artery volume intervals between pulse waves
the volume of blood in the artery at the height of the pulse wave force that need to apply for a full clamping artery
the total amplitude of the oscillations of the arteries wall
Parameter showing the main function (transport) and purpose of hemodynamics linear velocity
volumetric velocity the system pressure vascular resistance
time of full blood circulation
Tension of the pulse is characterized by:
the volume of blood in the artery at the height of the pulse wave
1.intervals between pulse waves
force that need to apply for a full clamping artery
amplitude of fluctuations of arterial wall is determined on the base of total estimation
velocity of the change of the artery volume
Characteristics of the pulse, which is determined by the total amplitude of the artery wall oscillations:
rhythm tension filling height velocity
Form (velocity) of the pulse is characterized by:
the volume of blood in the artery at the height of the pulse wave intervals between pulse waves
force that need to apply for a full clamping artery
amplitude of fluctuations of arterial wall is determined on the base of total estimation rate of the change of the artery volume
Parameter showing the main (transport) function and purpose of hemodynamic linear velocity
volume velocity system pressure vascular resistance
time of the full circuit of blood
Process occurring on the arterial end of the capillary filtration
reabsorption pinocytosys endocytosis secretion
The main force retaining the liquid in the capillary bed colloid-osmotic pressure of plasma
hydrostatic plasma pressure colloid-osmotic pressure of the tissue oncotic pressure of tissue fluid hydrostatic pressure of tissue fluid
Location of vasomotor center’s pressor and depressor departments posterior part of a hypothalamus
anterior part ohypothalamus,
cortex of large hemispheres medulla obliongata midbrain
The effect of stimulation of pressor department of vasomotor center constriction of the arteries and rise of blood pressure
dilatation of arteries and lower down of blood pressure constriction of arterioles, without change of blood pressure dilatation of capillaries and rise of blood pressure
dilatation of the arterioles, without change of blood pressure
The effect of stimulation of depressor department of vasomotor center constriction of the arteries and rise of blood pressure
dilatation of arteries and lower down of blood pressure constriction of arterioles, without change of blood pressure dilatation of capillaries and rise of blood pressure
dilatation of the arterioles, without change of blood pressure
Effects of the blood vessels of the rabbit ear during stimulation by electric current of cervical sympathetic nerves in the experience of Claude Bernard
vasoconstriction, the ear turns pale vasodilatation, the ear turns pink vasoconstriction, the ear turns pink vasodilatation, the ear turns pale vasoconstriction, colour of ear normal
Effects of the blood vessels of the rabbit ear during cutting of cervical sympathetic nerves in the experience of Claude Bernard
vasoconstriction, the ear turns pale vasodilatation, the ear turns pink vasoconstriction, the ear turns pink vasodilatation, the ear turns pale vasoconstriction, colour of ear normal
Stimulation of which receptors causes depressor reflexes? baroreceptors of the carotid artery and aorta baroreceptors of the right atrium and the vena cava chemoreceptors of the carotid artery and aorta chemoreceptors of the right atrium and the vena cava chemoreceptors of pericardium
Stimulation of which receptors causes pressor reflexes? baroreceptors of the carotid artery and aorta baroreceptors of the right atrium and the vena cava chemoreceptors of the carotid artery and aorta chemoreceptors of the right atrium and the vena cava
chemoreceptors of pericardium
On the ECG in standard lead II P-wave is not recorded. R-R intervals are equal. QRS complex is not changed.
Change of which electrophysiological processes is observed? depolarization of the right and left atria
fast final ventricular repolarization
complete depolarization of the interventricular septum initial depolarization of the interventricular septum depolarization of basal parts of the interventricular septum
On an electrocardiogram in II standard lead is observed a steady lengthening of the interval P-Q, the same in all leads. P wave and QRS complex are not changed, R-R interval is stable. Changing of which electrophysiological process is observed?
prolonged conduction through the Bachman bundle accelerated conduction through Bachman bundle prolonged conduction through the Purkinje fibers prolonged conduction through His bundle accelerated conduction through His bundle
On an electrocardiogram in II standard lead is observed an increase of the duration of complex QRS.
In which department of cardiac conductive system is changed the conduction of excitation? His bundle
Bachman bundle Purkinje fibers Sinus node
A-V node
On the ECG in standard lead II is observed changing of T wave. Change of which electrophysiological process is observed? depolarization of the atria
depolarization of the base of the heart fast final ventricular repolarization spread of excitation over the ventricles
depolarization of the interventricular septum
Part of the ECG, which indicates the correct normal location of 1-st order pacemaker equal R-R intervals in I, II, and III leads
presence of P wave in front of the complex QRST
the availability of the T wave after the complex QRST the duration of the complex QRST
duration of the segment P-Q
The ECG in standard lead II P-wave is not recorded. R-R intervals are identical. QRS complex is
not changed.
In which part of the cardiac conductive system is a change of electrophysiological processes? His bundle
Bachman bundle Purkinje fibers Sinus node
A-V node
The distance between the R wave in the ECG of the patient is 0.8 seconds. What is heart rate? 65 70 75 80 85
The distance between the R wave in the ECG of the patient is 0.6 seconds. What is heart rate? 80 85 90 90 100
Component of I sound is caused by fluctuations of mitral and tricuspid valves at blow blood on them in a phase of isometric contraction:
valve muscular vascular atrial cardial
Component of I sound caused by fluctuations of ventricular myocardium in the phase of isometric contraction
valve muscle vascular atrial cardial
Component of I sound caused by fluctuations of initial segments of the aorta and pulmonary trunk during its stretching by blood in ejection phase
valve muscular vascular atrial cardial
Component of I sound formed by the atrial contraction valve
muscular vascular atrial cardial
Component of II tone formed by vibrations that occur at the beginning of diastole at blow of blood on semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in the diastole period
valve muscular vascular atrial
cardial
Component of II sound connected with fluctuations in the initial segments of the aorta and pulmonary trunk during transmission vibrations from the valves of the aorta and pulmonary trunk
valve muscular vascular atrial cardial
Process, showing the mechanism of spontaneous diastolic depolarization in diastole phase decrease of RP due to the movement of Na from cell
decrease of RP due to movement of K into the cell decrease of RP due to movement of Na into the cell
an increase of RP due to the movement of K out of the cell changes of RP due to the movement Ca2 into the cell
Normal heart rate is ensured by
""chronotropic effect of n. sympathicus
""inotropic effect of n. sympathicus
"-" batmotromnym effect of n. vagus "-" chronotropic effect of n. vagus "-" inotropic effect of n. vagus
The effect is observed by cutting the sympathetic nerve fibers slowing of conduction of excitation in the AV node
work of the heart remains unchanged
decrease of the generation of AP in the SA node prolonged of the refractory period
decrease of cardiac output
The mechanism of inhibitory effect of К ions on cardiac function
initial repolarization the trace depolarization hyperpolarization depolarization repolarization
Depolarising solutions that are used to stop the heart in diastole period during open heart surgery high potassium content
high sodium content high magnesium content hyper potassium-calcium hyper sodium-calcium
Effect observed during amplification of Ca2 flow in cardiomyocyte AP and refractory period are prolonged
AP and refractory period are shortened
duration of AP is not changed, prolonged refractory period AP is prolonged, the refractory period is shortened
AP is shortened, refractory period is prolonged
The mechanism of origin of compensatory pause after ventricular extrasystole changes of the excitability of the SA node cells
changes of the excitability of the AV node cells positive dromotropic effect of extrasystole
impulse from the SA node comes into a phase of absolute refractory period of extrasystole impulse from the SA node comes a phase of relative refractory period of extrasystole
Definition which suitable for the concept of "The law of the heart" pumping function of heart depends on the degree of venous return at the increase pressure in the aorta the load on the heart is rose by increasing venous return work of the heart decreases
strength of heart contractions increases with rising of heart rate cardiac output depends on the blood supply of the atria
Strength mechanism of myocardial contractions of the left ventricle by increasing blood supply to the right atrium
intracardiac peripheral reflexes reflexes from reflexogenic zones availability of creatory connections heterometric
homeometric
In experiment an animal’s thorax was opened, the heart was exposed, the heart rate was counted.
Then, the abdominal cavity was opened, and one part of the intestine by means of forceps is compressed. Heart rate is calculated again. Activity of heart is changed.
What reflexes change cardiac activity in the experiment?