and analyzing their mutual relationships based on facts collected.

2. Developing, determining and implementing corrective actions

The corrective actions are developed, determined and implemented based on the causes of an occurrence.

In the decision of corrective actions, evaluation of the usefulness of cost-effectiveness, etc., for the corrective action measures considered is carried out to make appropriate actions about the effects of the nonconformities.

In addition, when corrective actions are planned, decided and carried out, reflections onto similar products (subsequent and existing units) and to similar services (subsequent and existing) are considered. This is called ” Horizontal expansion".

Besides the horizontal expansion stated above, the following actions are also carried out, as appropriate;

1. Reflection onto quality assurance plans

2. Reflection onto designs, procurement, manufacturing & installation, inspection & test, the instruction manuals of operation & maintenance, etc.

3. Reflection onto facilities & equipment, etc.

4. Reflection onto education & training

2. Records of results of corrective actions taken and follow-up of corrective actions

To show that the corrective actions were carried out reliably, the results of the corrective actions taken are kept as records. It is preferable that these records are added to the nonconforming report or managed in an integrated fashion by clarifying the relationship with the nonconforming report

Furthermore, it is important to carry out the corrective actions reliably by confirming and following up the performance situations. It is also important to improve the effectiveness of the quality management system continuously by implementing the appropriate actions if improvements are found in the corrective actions.

3. Preventive Action

To prevent the occurrence of potential nonconformities beforehand, it is important to

analyze the causes of nonconformities, etc., deeply, to expose the potential causes, and to determine the actions to eliminate them. This activity is generally called ” Preventive action”. Important items in preventive actions are the information collected for the potential nonconformities and for the identification of their causes, and the analyses of their causes based on facts. The information should include nonconforming examples that have occurred both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, regarding similar nonconformities and nonconformities with a tendency to recur, it is also necessary to perform the root cause analyses and to prevent the occurrence of the potential nonconformities beforehand

The preventive actions are appropriate to the effect of the potential problems. The necessity of the preventive actions is judged in consideration of the importance to nuclear safety. When the importance is low, simplification of the action and a policy of not performing the preventive actions are included as options.

When the preventive actions are judged as necessary as a result of the consideration of the effects of potential problems, it is necessary to establish the procedure manual which prescribes the requirements for the following items and to carry out the preventive actions reliably.

1. Determining the potential nonconformities and their causes

Analyzing information, identifying the potential nonconformities and their causes

2. Evaluating the need for actions to prevent the occurrence of nonconformities

Performing the evaluation based on the usefulness of the cost-effectiveness, etc., for implementation of corrective actions considered

3. Determining and implementing actions needed

Deciding the specific method for preventive actions and carrying it out according to the procedure manual reliably

4. Records of results of action taken

Recording preventive action taken

5. Reviewing preventive action taken

Confirming the implementation status of all the above activities and following them up.

10-33

NSRA, Japan

Appendixes

Appendix 1: Chronology of Nuclear Power Plants

Appendix 2: Typical BWR Plant Specifications and Facilities

Appendix 3 : Typical PWR Plant Specifications and Facilities

Appendix 4 : History of Nuclear Technology in Japan and

Transition of Total Generating Capacity of Nuclear Power Plants

Appendix 5 : Items of Improvement and Standardization(I/S) Project

for Light Water Reactor -BWRs-

Appendix 6: Items of Improvement and Standardization (I/S) Project

for Light Water Reactor -PWRs-

Appendix 7 : Key Specifications of BWR, PWR, ABWR and APWR Plants

Appendix 8 : The Outline of International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)

NSRA, Japan

JAPC’: Japan Atomic Power Company JPDR™: Japan Power Demonstration Reactor

Appendixes

ABWRRCCV (1996- ) Kashiwazaki Kariwa-6,7 (1356 MWe)

Hamaoka-5 (138OMWe)

NSRA, Japan

app. — 4

NSRA, Japan

BWR—3 Outline Flow Chart of Emergency Core Cooling System

BWR— 4 Outline Flow Chart of Emergency Core Cooling System

Rogidunl Hom Removal

BWR— 5 Outline Flow Chart of Emergency Core Cooling System

ABWR Outline Flow Chart of Emergency Core Cooling System

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