13.03.02 Электроэнергетика и электротехника / Английский / 3 симестр / 9-8-2023

PART I

Electric Power

I. Introduction

- Power is necessary for industrial progress and daily life

- Current sources of power are from burning fossil fuels and generators

- Conventional processes are highly uneconomic

- Alternative energy sources are becoming more economically sound and perspective

II. Electric Power

- Electric power is generated by converting various forms of energy to electrical energy

- Most electrical energy is produced in large power stations

- Electricity is transmitted using alternating current

- The basic unit for measuring electric power is the watt

- Rating for power plants is expressed in kilowatts or megawatts

- Electric energy consumption is measured in kilowatts-hours

- Electricity has played a significant role in improving the standard of living

Overall, the text discusses the importance of power and the current sources of electricity. It also highlights the need for alternative energy sources due to the uneconomic nature of conventional processes. The text then goes on to explain how electric power is generated, transmitted, and measured.

The main idea of the text is to provide an overview of the importance of power, the current sources of electricity, and the need for alternative energy sources. It also explains how electric power is generated, transmitted, and measured.

Вопросы:

1. Electric power is used in various equipment such as lights, pumps, elevators, power tools, furnaces, refrigerators, air-conditioners, and TV sets.

2. The basic unit for measuring electric power is the watt.

3. Electric power produced in large power stations is transmitted using an alternating current that reverses direction 25, 50, or 60 times per second.

4. Electric power is considered to be the most widespread because it can be generated from various sources such as heat, light, chemical energy, or mechanical energy and can be easily transmitted over long distances.

5. Electric power has improved the standard of living by providing efficient and reliable energy for various purposes such as lighting, heating, and powering equipment. It has also enabled industrialization and technological advancements that have led to economic growth and development.

Текст 2

Power Engineering

Introduction:

Power engineering is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with power systems, electric power transmission and distribution, power conversion, and electromechanical devices.

History:

Power engineering was one of the earliest fields to be exploited in electrical engineering. Early problems solved by engineers include efficient and safe distribution of electric power. Nikola Tesla was a notable pioneer in this field.

Devices:

Power engineering deals with the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity as well as the design of a range of related devices. These include transformers, electric generators, electric motors, and power electronics.

Power Grid:

In many regions of the world, governments maintain an electrical network that connects a variety of electric generators together with users of their power. This network is called a power grid. Power engineers may work on the design and maintenance of the power grid as well as the power systems that connect to it.

On-Grid and Off-Grid Power Systems:

Power engineers may also work on systems that do not connect to the grid. These systems are called off-grid power systems and may be used in preference to on-grid systems for a variety of reasons.

Three-Phase Electric Power:

Today, most grids adopt three-phase electric power with an alternating current. This choice can be partly attributed to the ease with which this type of power can be generated, transformed, and used.

Overall Idea:

Power engineering is a field of electrical engineering that deals with power systems, devices, and networks. Power engineers work on both on-grid and off-grid systems and often use three-phase electric power for efficiency.

Power engineering is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with power systems, transmission, distribution, and electromechanical devices. Power engineers supervise and maintain machinery that provides heat, power, and other utility services to heavy industry and large buildings. They work on both on-grid and off-grid power systems, which may be used in remote locations or mobile applications. The power grid is a network maintained by governments that connects electric generators to users of their power. Three-phase electric power is commonly used in most grids, but some industries prefer to receive it directly to drive highly efficient electric motors.

ТЕКСТ 3

Electricity

Introduction:

Electricity is the basis of our civilization. It is widely used in industry, transportation, residential and commercial purposes.

Industrial Usage:

The greater part of electricity goes to industrial usage. It powers a great variety of mechanisms and directly in production processes.

Agricultural Usage:

In agriculture, electric energy finds a great variety of applications, especially in electrification of mobile agricultural equipment, primarily tractors.

Residential and Commercial Usage:

Commercial and residential usage of electric energy is growing at an ever-increasing rate. The progress in electrical engineering has led to the development of sophisticated household appliances such as refrigerators, TV-sets, washing machines, etc.

Efficiency of Electric Energy:

It is essential not only to increase the amount of consumed electric power but also to improve the efficiency of its usage.

Variation in Energy Consumption:

The amount of electricity going to industrial and residential usage from the power system varies both during a day and during a year. The change of seasons and weather conditions also affect the consumption of electric energy.

Factors Affecting Energy Consumption:

An unforeseeable change in energy consumption may occur in industrial enterprises where the number of units of electrical equipment operating at the moment and their power may vary due to several factors.

Importance of Predicting Factors Affecting Energy Consumption:

It is impossible to predict exactly the countless number of factors affecting energy consumption in the power system, yet the time-variation of energy usage is very desirable information if the performance of an electric power system is to be controlled.

Вопросы:

1. Electricity is widely used in industry, transportation, residential purposes, and communication.

2. Electric energy is used to power mechanisms and production processes in industry.

3. Yes, there is a problem of electric power consumption as it is important to not only increase the amount of consumed electric power but also improve the efficiency of its usage.

4. The amount of electricity used varies during a day and during a year. There is a morning peak demand when work begins at enterprises, the light is turned on in apartments and public transport starts running, and an evening peak demand when the demand on the system is at maximum because of electric vehicles of public transport, street and apartment lights, and numerous electric appliances. During the night-time, most electric power users do not operate and the power demand drops low.

5. Yes, the change of seasons and weather conditions affect the consumption of electric energy. For instance, more energy is used for lighting and heating in winter, and a snowfall increases the amount of power used for transportation.

6. It is important to predict the number of factors affecting energy consumption in the power system to control the performance of an electric power system.

7. The information about time-variation of energy usage is important to control the performance of an electric power system.

8. The answer will vary depending on the individual's personal use of electric devices.

9. The students of Electricity Supply specialty study the principles and methods of generating, transmitting, distributing, and using electrical energy.

10. Modern computer technology such as simulation software is used to design electricity supply systems.