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Maths / Powers & Logs rev 2(1).pdf
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Logarithm example 1

Problem

Solve the equation 2t = 25 for t.

Solution

First method. Take logs of both sides to base 2 and obtain t = log2 25

Solution

Second method. Take logs of both sides to base b and obtain

t

 

b

 

=

 

b

 

logb

2t

=

logb

25

 

log

2

 

log

25

 

 

 

t

=

 

logb 25

 

 

 

 

logb 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

Use b = 10 or b = e on your calculator to get t ' 4. 6439.

Steve Sugden (Bond University)

 

31 August 2011

14 / 15

Logarithm example 2

Problem

Compound interest. How long to double your money at 10% compound interest?

Solution

We have F = P (1 + r )n where P is present value (principal), F is future value, r is the rate of interest, and n is the number of periods of compounding. Without loss of generality, we may take P = 1 and F = 2, and so write:

2

= 1.1n

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

log 2

= log (1.1n )

log 2

= n log 1.1

 

n

=

log 2

' 7.2725

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

log 1.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Steve Sugden (Bond University)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

31 August 2011 15 / 15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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