Australian Legal Citation summary

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Overview of Australian Guide to Legal Citation 3rd Edition (AGLC): Revised Mar 2011

This table of examples has been written by Library staff at the University of Wollongong to supplement the online tutorial Legal Research: an introduction to legal materials and processes and to provide a summary of the most commonly used sources.

The Law Faculty at the University of Wollongong follow the method of citation outlined in the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (3rd ed, 2010) – referred to as AGLC3 in following pages. A copy of this publication is freely available for Download only (except pages 285-319 Law Report Abbreviations) from http://ezproxy.uow.edu.au/login?url=http://mulr.law.unimelb.edu.au/go/AGLC3 or in print at the UOW Bookshop. The

AGLC3 is published by the University of Melbourne Law Review Association and has been adopted by a number of Australian Law Journals and Australian Law schools as a standard method of citation.

Refer to the AGLC3 for detailed information on all sources including: government publications, interviews, transcripts, newspapers and overseas resources.

A distinguishing feature of the AGLC is the use of footnotes as well as a bibliography. To help students understand this important aspect, the table of examples below will begin by outlining the key aspects.

References to relevant General Rule(s) paragraph numbers are included eg. [1.16]

AGLC3

Rule numbers

Position [1.1.2]

Pinpoints [1.1.5]- [1.1.6] and [5.4.1]

Bibliographies [1.16]

Full stops [1.6.1]

Subsequent references

Ibid [1.4.1] above n [1.4.2]

Footnotes	Bibliography

Format of key elements	Format of key elements
• Footnotes appear at the end of each page of your	• There is no full stop at the end of an entry in the
work	bibliography
• Use a full stop at the end of a footnote.	• The bibliography is to be divided into sections as
• For information on the position of footnote numbers	outlined in [1.16] of the AGLC3.
and for citing multiple sources in a footnote refer to	A	Articles/Books/Reports
[1.1.2] of the AGLC3.	B	Cases
• A Pinpoint is the particular page number,	C	Legislation
paragraph number or chapter to which you are	D	Treaties
referring.	E	Other
	• Group items alphabetically under each heading
	according to the surname of the first author.
• Ibid - use for all sources, including legislation	• Pinpoint references are not included

Information Type	Footnote	Bibliography

Book	Format of key elements		Format of key elements
Names [1.14] (Footnote)	Author’s First name or initial(s) Author’s Last name, Title			A Articles/Books/Reports
	Author’s First name or initial(s) Author’s Last name, Title
	of Book, (Publisher, Edition, Year) Pinpoint.		Author’s Last name, First name or initial(s)(see Note below),
and [1.16] (Bibliography)	of Book, (Publisher, Edition, Year) Pinpoint.
and [1.16] (Bibliography)	• Authors initials should be separated by a space
	• Authors initials should be separated by a space		Title of Book (Publisher, Edition, Year)
Books [5.1]-[5.6]	• The edition number is only included for a 2nd or later		Title of Book (Publisher, Edition, Year)		nd
	• The edition number is only included for a 2nd or later		•	The edition number is only included for a 2	nd	or later
	edition.		•	The edition number is only included for a 2		or later
	edition.			edition
Publisher [5.3.1]	• A pinpoint reference may be a page number or			edition
Publisher [5.3.1]	• A pinpoint reference may be a page number or		• A brief version of the publisher’s name should be
	paragraph number if the book has numbered			included after the title, followed by a comma.
	paragraphs.			included after the title, followed by a comma.
	paragraphs.
	• Chapter should be abbreviated to ‘ch’ in a footnote.

1 Author	John Williams, The Australian Constitution: a Documentary		Williams, John, The Australian Constitution: a Documentary
	History (Melbourne University Press, 2005) 24.		History (Melbourne University Press, 2005)

2 or more authors	Rainer Lagoni and Daniel Vignes, Maritime Delimitation		Lagoni, Rainer and Daniel Vignes, Maritime Delimitation
	(Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006) 25.		(Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006)
			[Note, invert 1st author only in Bibliography]

4 or more authors	Frank Gilders et al, Understanding taxation law 2010: an		Gilders, Frank et al, Understanding taxation law 2010: an
	interactive approach (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2010) 68.		interactive approach (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2010)
2nd or later edition	Elizabeth Ellis, Principles and Practice of Australian Law		Ellis, Elizabeth, Principles and Practice of Australian Law
	(Thomson Reuters, 2nd ed, 2009) [6.61].		(Thomson Reuters, 2nd ed, 2009)

Electronic	Cite as for printed book

Information Type	Footnote	Bibliography

Case Extract	See: Secondary Citation

Cases	Format of key elements	Format of key elements
Cases [2.1]-[2.14]	Case name (Year) Volume Report series abbreviation First	B Cases
Cases [2.1]-[2.14]	Case name (Year) Volume Report series abbreviation First
	page Pinpoint.	Case name (Year) Volume Report series abbreviation First
	• Do not use full stops in abbreviations	page
	• Case name should not include initials or first names	• Do not use full stops in abbreviations
	of individuals	• Case name should not include initials or first names
	• Cite only the first plaintiff and first defendant	of individuals
	• Do not use ‘& Anor’ or ‘& Ors ‘	• Cite only the first plaintiff and first defendant
	• Use square brackets when the year is essential to	• Do not use ‘& Anor’ or ‘& Ors ‘
	locating the report	• Use square brackets when the year is essential to
	eg. The Law Reports Queens Bench has a volume	locating the report
	1 every year therefore the year is essential to
	finding the case and is placed in square brackets
	• Do not refer to the database used to retrieve
	reported or unreported cases

Square Brackets	Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256.	Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256

Round Brackets	Hillpalm Pty Ltd v Heaven’s Door Pty Ltd (2004) 220 CLR	Hillpalm Pty Ltd v Heaven’s Door Pty Ltd (2004) 220 CLR
	472, 475.	472
Omitting the Case Name	[2.1.15]

Information Type		Footnote	Bibliography

Email		Format of key elements	Format of key elements
Written correspondence		Email from Author’s First name Last name to Recipient’s	E Other
Written correspondence		Email from Author’s First name Last name to Recipient’s
[6.14]		First name Last name, Full Date, PinPoint.	Email from Author’s First name Last name to Recipient’s
			Email from Author’s First name Last name to Recipient’s
			First name Last name, Full Date
			• Email addresses should never be cited without the
			permission of the owner of the address
	Email from Elizabeth White to Cheryl Brindle-Jones, 26		Email from Elizabeth White to Cheryl Brindle-Jones, 26
	May 2010.		May 2010.

Encyclopedia	Use Rule [6.3] Legal Encyclopedia
[6.3]
E-reading (Electronic	Cite as a print resource		Cite as a print resource
E-reading (Electronic	See		See
Reading) from UOW	See		See
Reading) from UOW	•	Book	•	Book
Books [5.1]-[5.6]	•	Book	•	Book
Journal Articles [4.1]-	•	Journal Article	•	Journal Article
[4.10]

Information Type		Footnote	Bibliography

Journal Article		Format of key elements	Format of key elements
Capitalisation [1.7]		Author’s First name Last name, ‘Title of Article’	A Articles/Books/Reports
		Author’s First name Last name, ‘Title of Article’
		(Year) Volume Journal First page , Pinpoint.	Author’s Last name, First name, ‘Title of Article’
		(Year) Volume Journal First page , Pinpoint.
		• Capitalisation [1.7]
Names [1.14] (Footnotes)		• Capitalisation [1.7]	(Year) Volume Journal First page (see Note below),
Names [1.14] (Footnotes)		• Use the full title of the journal	(Year) Volume Journal First page (see Note below),
and [1.16] (Bibliography)		• Use the full title of the journal	• Capitalisation [1.7]
and [1.16] (Bibliography)		• Include issue numbers only when the pagination is	• Capitalisation [1.7]
		• Include issue numbers only when the pagination is	• Use the full title of the journal, omit The from start
Journal Articles [4.1]-		not continuous across issues	• Use the full title of the journal, omit The from start
		not continuous across issues	• Include issue numbers only when the pagination is
			• Include issue numbers only when the pagination is
[4.10]			not continuous across issues

1 Author	Andrew Frazer, ‘Reconceiving Labour Law : the Labour		Frazer, Andrew, ‘Reconceiving Labour Law : the Labour
	Market Regulation Project’ (2008) 8 Macquarie Law Journal		Market Regulation Project’ (2008) 8 Macquarie Law Journal
	21, 30.		21
2 or more Authors	Andrew H Kelly and Natalie P Stoianoff, ‘Biodiversity		Kelly, Andrew H and Natalie P Stoianoff, ‘Biodiversity
	Conservation, Local Government Finance and Differential		Conservation, Local Government Finance and Differential
	Rates : the Good, the Bad and the Potentially Attractive. ‘		Rates : the Good, the Bad and the Potentially Attractive. ‘
	(2009) 26 Environmental and Planning Law Journal 5, 12.		(2009) 26 Environmental and Planning Law Journal 5
			[Note, invert 1st author only in Bibliography]

4 or more Authors	David Farrier et al,’A State is Not an Island : Conserving	Farrier, David et al, ‘’A State is Not an Island : Conserving
	Evolutionary Potential in the Face of Climate Change by	Evolutionary Potential in the Face of Climate Change by
	Listing Populations Under Current Threatened Species	Listing Populations Under Current Threatened Species
	Legislation.’ (2009) 13 Australasian Journal of Natural	Legislation.’ (2009) 13 Australasian Journal of Natural
	Resources Law and Policy 13, 140.	Resources Law and Policy 137

Electronic – NB	If an article appears in a printed journal, even where a
[4.9]	similar version is available online, the printed journal should
[4.9]	be cited instead, in accordance with the other rules in this
	chapter [4.1]-[4.8]
Electronic Article	[4.9]

Electronic Article (pdf)	Cite as for journal article above

Information Type	Footnote	Bibliography

Lecture	Cite as for Speeches
Speeches [6.12]	Notes: AGLC does not prescribe for lectures. This is a
	UOW suggestion to use [6.12]

Legislation	Format of key elements	Format of key elements
[3.1]-[3.9]	Title of the Act Year (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint.	C Legislation
	Title of the Act Year (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint.
	• Only refer to the amending Act if it is relevant to a	Title of the Act Year (Jurisdiction)
	• Only refer to the amending Act if it is relevant to a	Title of the Act Year (Jurisdiction)
	particular point. Otherwise refer to the principal Act	• Only refer to the amending Act if it is relevant to a
	which it is assumed refers to the principal Act as	particular point. Otherwise refer to the principal Act
	amended.	which it is assumed refers to the principal Act as
	• Jurisdiction should be abbreviated as stated in	amended.
	[3.1.3]	• Jurisdiction should be abbreviated as stated in
	• Pinpoints should be abbreviated as stated in [3.1.4]	[3.1.3]

	Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) s26.	Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth)
	Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) ss 27-30.	Bail Act 1978 (NSW)

	Bail Act 1978 (NSW) s 8D.		Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)

Amendments	[3.8]

Looseleaf Services		Format of key elements	Format of key elements
[6.4]		Publisher, Title (at date of access) Pinpoint reference.	E Other
[6.4]		Publisher, Title (at date of access) Pinpoint reference.	Publisher, Title (at date of access)
			Publisher, Title (at date of access)

		LexisNexis Ritchies Uniform Civil Procedure NSW (at 31	LexisNexis Ritchies Uniform Civil Procedure NSW (at 31
		May 2010) [4.4].	May 2010)

Information Type		Footnote	Bibliography

Newspaper Articles		Format of key elements	Format of key elements
[6.5]		Author’s First name or initial(s) Last name , ‘Title’,	E Other
		Author’s First name or initial(s) Last name , ‘Title’,
		Newspaper (Place of publication), Full date, Pinpoint	Author’s Last name, First name or initial(s), ‘Title’,
		Newspaper (Place of publication), Full date, Pinpoint
		Reference.
		Reference.	Newspaper (Place of publication), Full date
			Newspaper (Place of publication), Full date

		Simon Mann, ‘A Message to Drivers Distracted by Texts	Mann, Simon, ‘A Message to Drivers Distracted by Texts
		and Emails’, Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney), 6 March	and Emails’, Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney), 6 March
	2010, 18.		2010

ElectronicNB	Electronic newspapers should only be cited where an
[6.5.3]	identical printed edition (of the newspaper or the article
[6.5.3]	cited) does not exist.

Information Type		Footnote	Bibliography

Secondary Citation		Format of key elements	Format of key elements
Cases [2.1]-[2.14]		Case name (Year) Volume Law Report abbreviation	A Articles/Books/Reports
		Case name (Year) Volume Law Report abbreviation
		Starting Page cited in Author’s First name or initial(s) Last	Author’s Last name, First name or initial(s), Title of Book
Books [5.1]-[5.6]
Books [5.1]-[5.6]		name, Title of book (Publisher, Edition, Year) Pinpoint.
Referring to …. [1.3]		name, Title of book (Publisher, Edition, Year) Pinpoint.	(Publisher, Edition, Year)
Referring to …. [1.3]			(Publisher, Edition, Year)
Case Extract
	Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR		Ellis, Elizabeth, Principles and Practice of Australian Law
	447 cited in Elizabeth Ellis, Principles and Practice of		(Thomson Reuters, 2nd ed, 2009)
	Australian Law (Thomson Reuters, 2nd ed, 2009) 205-206.

Chapter		Format of key elements	Format of key elements
[5.5]		Author’s First name or initial(s) Last name, ‘Chapter Title’ in	A Articles/Books/Reports
[5.5]
		Author’s First name or initial(s) Last name (eds),Title of	Author’s First name or initial(s) Last name, ‘Chapter Title’ in
		Book (Publisher, Edition, Year), Pinpoint	Author’s First name or initial(s) Last name (eds),Title of
			Book (Publisher, Edition, Year)

	Duncan Brack, ‘Combating International Environmental		Brack, Duncan, ‘Combatting International Environmental
	Crime’ in Rob White (ed), Environmental Crime: a Reader		Crime’ in Rob White (ed), Environmental Crime: a Reader
	(Willan Publishing, 2009) 485, 490.		(Willan Publishing, 2009) 485

[1.3]	The original of any source referred to should be consulted
	and cited. However, where it is important to show that one
	source is referred to in another source, the following
	clauses should be used to join the citations together:
	quoting; quoted in; citing; cited in

Information Type		Footnote	Bibliography

UN Official Documents		Format of key elements
[8.2]		See table at Rule 8.2 with elements and their example
		See table at Rule 8.2 with elements and their example

UN Agenda Item		Letter dated 5 November 2004 from the Permanent	Letter dated 5 November 2004 from the Permanent
		Representative of Chile to the United Nations addressed to	Representative of Chile to the United Nations addressed to
[8.2.8]		the Secretary-General, 59th sess, Agenda Item 49, UN Doc	the Secretary-General, 59th sess, Agenda Item 49, UN Doc
	A/59/555 (8 November 2004).		A/59/555 (8 November 2004)

Information	Footnote		Bibliography
Type

Internet	A source should be cited using this rule only if it does not exist in a
Materials	published form and no other rule within this Guide applies to it.
Website		Format of key elements	Format of key elements
[6.15]		Author’s Firstname Lastname, Document Title, (Full date) Website		E Other
			Author’s Last name, First name, Document Title, (Full date) Website
		name <URL>.
		• Date of retrieval no longer included	name <URL>
		• Date of retrieval no longer included		• Date of retrieval no longer included
		• Author could be an organisation or department		• Date of retrieval no longer included
		• Author could be an organisation or department		• Author could be an organisation or department
				• Author could be an organisation or department
	Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and			Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and
	Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA), Native Title Discussion Paper (6			Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA), Native Title Discussion Paper (6
		February 2009)		February 2009)
		<http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/indigenous/progserv/land/Documents/		<http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/indigenous/progserv/land/Documents/
		native_title_discussion_paper/default.htm>		native_title_discussion_paper/default.htm>

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