Grammar / Participle clauses

P articiple clauses

Active meaning (___ing participles)

The meal, which includes a drink, costs $16.

The meal, including a drink, costs $16.

There was a rise in the interest rate, which resulted in a large number of bankruptcies.

There was a rise in the interest rate, resulting in a large number of bankruptcies.

Passive meaning (__ed participles)

The patient developed an allergy, which was caused by stress.

The patient developed an allergy, caused by stress.

The webpage which was given by the lecturer was wrong

The webpage, given by the lecturer was wrong.

Choose the correct form

1. I can’t find my mobile phone, contained / containing the telephone number.

2. The programme, lasting / lasted for two months, is run by volunteers.

3. The drugs prescribed / prescribing by the doctor had serious side effects.

4. Most of the people invited / inviting to the party did not come

5. The bank’s CEO resigned, resulted / resulting in a loss of confidence.

6. There would therefore appear to be a correlation based / basing on the data presented / presenting here.

7. The graph, summarising / summarised below, clearly shows that inflation is rising.

8. The contractor must ensure that all parties naming / named below are appropriately qualified.

9. The social influence model seeks to familiarise students with the pressures to use drugs, enabling / enabled them to develop resistance skills.

10. The subject drank a large amount of alcohol, caused / causing serious problems during the test.

Now change these sentences into participle clauses

1. Everyone who will take the IELTS test next month must register

2. The number of students who are studying law is increasing

3. Alcohol companies, which have been criticised for their advertising techniques, are looking for new ways to sell their products.

4. The surgeon’s knife slipped, which severed a major artery.

5. They established themselves in London, and maintained links with the organisation

Answers

Choose the correct form

1. I can’t find my mobile phone, contained / containing the telephone number.

2. The programme, lasting / lasted for two months, is run by volunteers.

3. The drugs prescribed / prescribing by the doctor had serious side effects.

4. Most of the people invited / inviting to the party did not come

5. The bank’s CEO resigned, resulted / resulting in a loss of confidence.

6. There would therefore appear to be a correlation, based / basing on the data presented / presenting here.

7. The graph, summarising / summarised below, clearly shows that inflation is rising.

8. The contractor must ensure that all parties naming / named below are appropriately qualified.

9. The social influence model seeks to familiarise students with the pressures to use drugs, enabling / enabled them to develop resistance skills.

10. The subject drank a large amount of alcohol, caused / causing serious problems during the test.

Now change these sentences into participle clauses

1. Everyone taking the IELTS test next month must register.

2. The number of students studying law is increasing.

3. Alcohol companies, criticised for their advertising techniques, are looking for new ways to sell their products.

4. The surgeon’s knife slipped, severing a major artery.

5. They established themselves in London, maintaining links with the organisation.