Commas after extra Commas information
In these sentences the information between the commas can be deleted without affecting the main idea of the sentence.
•Bond University, established in 1987, received the highest ratings in Australia in the Good Universities Guide.
•The Gold Coast, where many people come on holiday, is situated on the east coast of Australia.
No commas for important info that tells us ‘which one’
Do not use commas when the extra information tells us ‘which one’
•My brother, who lives in Japan, is 21.
•My brother who lives in Japan is 21.
How many brothers do I have in each sentence?
Question 7
Commas
•Koalas which are cute are in danger of extinction.
•Wrong!
•Comma needed as this is extra information about koalas. Without the commas, this sentence means only cute koalas are in danger of extinction.
•Correct version
•Koalas, which are cute, are in danger of
extinction.
Question 8
Commas
•The Titans, which is the name of the Gold Coast rugby team, have been very successful this season.
•Correct. The comma shows that we are giving extra information about The Titans. The second comma shows the end of the extra information.
Which is easier to |
Commas |
understand? |
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1.In general, the arbitration has, to some extent, the same limitations to the applicable law as a judge in a national forum has.
2.In general, to some extent, the arbitration has the same limitations to the applicable law as a judge in a national forum has.
Commas
Make this easier to read
1.They can, among other things, provide guidance on the processes and procedures.
2.Among other things, they can provide guidance on the processes and procedures.
Semi colons
Semi colon
•Using semicolons is not difficult if you remember that a semicolon is more like a full-stop than a comma.
•It is a very strong punctuation mark.
Between sentences
Semi colons
•Use a semicolon at the end of a sentence when the following sentence is closely connected in meaning.
•You could also use a full-stop, but when the sentences are connected in meaning, it’s better to use a semicolon.
Independent clause; independent clause
•Alice is going to Bond; she isn’t going to UQ.
•The meeting adjourned at dawn; nothing had been accomplished.
Before conjunctions
Semi colons
•Use a semicolon before conjunctions such as ‘however’, ‘therefore’, ‘nevertheless’, ‘moreover’, and ‘furthermore’.
•You may also use a semicolon before some transition phrases such as ‘for example’, ‘as a result’, ‘that is’, ‘in fact’, etc
Semi colon beforeSemi colons conjunctions.
Independent clause ; |
however, |
independent clause |
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therefore, |
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nevertheless, |
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moreover, |
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for example, |
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that is, |
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in fact, |
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Skiing is dangerous; however, millions of people do this.
I have never been to Europe; in fact, I have never been outside my country.