Unacceptable paraphrase
The original passage:
•Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
A plagiarized version:
•Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.
http://faculty.mckendree.edu/writing_handouts/paraphrase.htm
Your turn to practice
• Paraphrase the following sentences:
1.Students must learn to use paraphrasing and referencing correctly to get good marks in assignments.
2.Without the use of paraphrasing, it is impossible to incorporate research into an assignment.
3.Communication skills are essential in all areas of life. They enable us to transfer our intended message clearly.
Your turn to practice
1.Students must learn to use paraphrasing and referencing correctly to get good marks in assignments.
In order to achieve high grades in assignments, it is essential for students to reference and paraphrase accurately
Your turn to practice
2.Without the use of paraphrasing, it is impossible to incorporate research into an assignment.
Unless you paraphrase, you cannot use research in your writing.
Your turn to practice
3.Communication skills are essential in all areas of life. They enable us to transfer our intended message clearly.
Communication skills, which enable us to make our meaning clear, are a key element in every aspect of life
Your turn to practice
• Original text:
Face to face interviewing has the advantage of allowing
you to observe the non-verbal behaviour of the respondent. Should you detect inconsistencies between what is being said and what is being expressed non- verbally, for example, you can adapt the flow of the interview accordingly to ensure you are getting accurate responses. It may also be easier to establish rapport with a person face to face than over the telephone.
(Eunson, B. 2008. Communicating in the 21st Century p.104)
Possible paraphrase
•According to Eunson (2008), the main advantage of face to face interviewing is that you can see how a person is responding, and consequently, it enables you to change the way an interview is being conducted if you notice that there is a difference between what a person says and their body language. Being able to see the person can also help to create a better relationship than over the phone.
Example summary
•Interviewing face to face means that the interviewer can see the candidate’s body language, and also makes it easier to develop rapport (Eunson, 2008).
Summarising
•Same principles as paraphrasing
•Shorter than the original text
•Main points only
•Used when we only want to represent key ideas of another author
Summary example
The original passage:
•Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
An acceptable summary:
•Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester, 1976, pp. 46-47). http://faculty.mckendree.edu/writing_handouts/paraphrase.htm