Rules – long quotes - Harvard
In-Text
Quotations < 30 words should use single quotation marks, (‘’).
Quotations > 30 words should appear in a free-standing block, in smaller type and without quotation marks. The quotation should be started on a new line and indented from the left margin. For example:
Jones’1993 study found the following:
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p.199)
Reference list
Creating a Reference List
Must contain all information needed to find the article again
Example APA Reference list. Harvard style Reference list
•Author surname and Initial(s)
•Date information
•Publisher information
•For electronic resources, when you found it if it’s likely to disappear, & doi
•APA uses hanging indent. Harvard doesn’t.
Reference list
Reference List Book Example
Surname first + |
Title of book in |
|
initial |
||
italics |
||
|
Smith, C. (2007). Globalisation Theories. New
York, NY: Harper
City (& state |
Publisher |
in USA) it |
|
was |
|
published |
|
Reference list
Reference List Website Example
(APA) Title of article in italics
Brown, S. (2012). Organisational behaviour. Retrieved from http://www.wrongaddress.com
If this material may change over time add a retrieval date
Reference list
Reference List Website Example (Harvard)
Brown, S 2012, Organisational behaviour, viewed 16 January 2013, <http://www.wrongaddress.com>
Use ‘viewed’ |
Use < > |
instead of |
|
‘retrieved |
symbols |
|
around url |
Reference list
Reference List Journal Article Example (APA)
Title of article in
normal text Name of journal in italics
Roberts, N. (2008). Child Development. Journal
of Childhood, 4(3), 141-158. |
Volume, |
doi:10.1036/0044-006x.45.4. |
issue, page |
numbers |
|
Doi number |
|
if available |
|
Reference list
Reference List Journal Article Example (Harvard)
Title of article in
inverted commas Name of journal in italics
Roberts, N 2008, ‘Child Development’, Journal of Childhood, vol. 4, no.3, pp.141-158.
Use words ‘vol’ & ‘no’ & pp. for page nos.
Reference list
Rules
•Be careful of punctuation
•Alphabetical order – not separated (APA & Harvard)
•No hyperlinking (APA)
•The biggest thing is italicised (i.e. the journal name not the article)
•In Harvard, the title of the journal article or chapter of book has inverted commas around it e.g. Doyle, W 1977, ‘Learning in the classroom environment: an ecological analysis’
Reference list
Practice
•Using the referencing guides on the library website, complete the in-text references & write a reference list for the example resources on the worksheet using either APA or Harvard style.
How to do a hanging indent
Reference list v bibliography
•Reference list includes only the sources that you used in-text.
•Bibliography includes everything you read even if you didn’t directly refer to it in-text.