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Practice - Answers

1.(Whittaker & Hartman, 2008)

2.(Fried, 2008)

3.(Fooks, Gilmore, Collin, Holden, & Lee, 2008)*

4.(Kruger, 2013)

5.(US Environmental Protection Agency, 2011)

6.(Olympic.org, 2009)

* Do this the first time in your essay. Subsequent times use (Fooks et al., 2008)

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Citing and quoting examples

1.(Whittaker & Hartman, 2008, p.23)

2.(Fried, 2008, p.45)

3.(Fooks, Gilmore, Collin, Holden, & Lee, 2008, p.3)

4.(Kruger, 2013, para. 3)

5.(US Environmental Protection Agency, 2011, para 4)

6.(Olympic.org, 2009, para. 3)

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Rules – secondary sources

Imagine that I read a book/journal article by Jones and in it he talked about some research/an idea from Smith.

Only reference the article you read. If you read an article that refers to another article:

… (Smith, as cited in Jones, 2009) OR

Smith, as cited in Jones (2009) states…

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Rules – long quotes

Quotations < 40 words should use double quotation marks, (“ ”).

Quotations > 40 words should appear in a free-standing block and omit quotation marks. The quotation should be started on a new line, indented five spaces from the left margin. For example:

Jones’1993 study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

He also found that if they asked for help, then they found APA style simple