APA Referencing / APA 6 Bond Guide(1)

Examples of different items formatted for a reference list:

 Print sources

Books

Only the author's initials are included regardless of the presentation of the author's name in the source document

Only the first letter of the first word of the title (and subtitle, if given) and proper nouns (the names of peoples, place or organisations, etc.) are capitalised.

Standard format

Author(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of book – italicised. Place of publication: Publisher.

Single author or editor

Berkman, R. I. (1994). Find it fast: How to uncover expert information. New York, NY: Harper Perrenial

Everson, S. (Ed.). (1991). Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Two or more authors or editors

Moir, A., & Jessel, D. (1991). Brain sex: The real difference between men and women. London: Mandarin.

DeHart, G. B., Sroufe, L.A., & Cooper, R. G. (1995). Child development: Its nature and course (4th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

Binstock, R. H., & George, L. K. (Eds.). (1990). Handbook of aging and the social sciences (3rd ed.). New York: Academic Press.

No author

The CCH Macquarie dictionary of business. (1993). North Ryde, NSW: CCH Australia

Edition other than first

DeHart, G. B., Sroufe, L.A., & Cooper, R. G. (1995). Child development: Its nature and course (4th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

(The edition statement is placed after the title of the work. This is not necessary for a first edition)

Multiple volumes

Koch, S. (Ed.). (1959-1963). Psychology: A study of science (Vols. 1-6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill

(In text, use the following parenthetical citation: (Koch, 1959-1963)

Series

Strong, E. K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel Research Series: Vol. 1. Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140-146). Personnel Research Staff, Office of Personnel, United States Department of Agriculture.

Corporate author (ie: a company or organisation)

Queensland Health. (2002). Best practice guidelines for the management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Brisbane, Australia: Author.

Conference (complete conference proceedings)

Proceedings of the National Conference on Graduate Education in Psychology, University of Utah, 1988. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum.

Government publication

Queensland Health. (2005). Health Systems Review Final Report. Brisbane,

Australia: Queensland Government.

Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. (1999). Mental health: A report focusing on depression, 1998. Canberra, ACT: AGPS

Scientific / Technical report

Lewis, F. E. (2006). Remedial education at higher education institutions in fall 2005

(GPO No: ED 1.328/5:R 28). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education.

Patent / Standard

Borwin, G. F. (2008). U.S. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Thesis or dissertation

Thesis in print: Published

May, B. (2007) A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Bristol, England: Canopus Publishing.

Thesis in print: Unpublished

Hos, J. (2005). Mechanochemically synthesized nanomaterials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell membranes. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.

Parts of a Book

These examples are for chapters or parts of edited works in which the chapters or parts have individual title and author/s, but are included in collections or textbooks edited by others.

Only the first letter of the first word of the title of the chapter or part is capitalised

When providing details of the book editor(s), the editors’ initials are given first, followed by the surname.

Author(s) of chapter – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) – initials and family name - of book (Eds), Title of book – italicised, (pp. Page numbers). Place of publication: Publisher.

Article/ chapter in a book

McGaghie, W. C., Butter, J., & Kaye, M. (2009). Observational assessment.

In S. M. Downing & R. Yudkowsky (Eds.), Assessment in health professions education

(pp. 185-215). New York, NY: Routledge

Hine, C. (2001). Ethnography in the laboratory. In D. N. Gellner & E. Hirsch (Eds.),

Inside organizations: Anthropologists at work (pp. 61-76). Oxford, England: Berg.

Payne, S. (1999). 'Dangerous and different': Reconstructions of madness in the 1990s and the role of mental health policy. In S. Watson & L. Doyal (Eds.), Engendering social policy (pp. 180-195). Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.

Conference or Seminar Paper

Scheinin, P. (2009). Using student assessment to improve teaching and educational policy. In M. O'Keefe, E. Webb, & K. Hoad (Eds.), Assessment and student learning: Collecting, interpreting and using data to inform teaching. Melbourne, Australia:

Australian Council for Educational Research.

Journal Articles

If the journal article has a digital object identifier (DOI), include this in your reference.

If there is no DOI and you have accessed the article electronically, include the URL of the journal’s homepage in your reference

Standard format

Journal article with DOI (print or electronic)

Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicised, Volume – italicised( Issue or number), Page number(s). doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Journal article – DOI not available and journal retrieved online

Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicised, Volume – italicised( Issue or number), Page number(s). Retrieved from http: www.xxxxxx

One to seven authors – include all authors

Journal article from print journal with no DOI

Lowrie, T., & Diezmann, C. M. (2009). National numeracy tests: A graphic tells a thousand words. Australian Journal of Education, 53(2), 141-158.

Journal article with DOI – two authors

Kerrigan, A. M., & Kingdon, C. (2010). Maternal obesity and pregnancy: A retrospective study. Midwifery, 26, 138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2008.12.005

Electronic journal article with no DOI – up to seven authors

Skenderian, J. J., Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D., Lac, A., & Alvaro, E. E. (2008). Expectancy change and adolescents' intentions to use marijuana. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 563-569. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pubs/ journals/adb/index.aspx

Eight or more authors

Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., . . .

Griffin. W. A. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 843-856. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.843

Note: Include all authors up to and including seven. For eight or more, include the first six, then an ellipsis, followed by the last author's name.

Organization as author

Employee Benefit Research Institute. (1992, February). Sources of health insurance and characteristics of the uninsured (Issue Brief No. 123). Washington, DC: Author

No author given

The pain of being a caffeine freak. (2001, October 6). New Scientist, 172(2311), 27.

Article is in a supplement to a volume

Smith, K. S., & Berridge, B. R. (2005). The ventral pallidum and hedonic reward: Neurochemical maps of sucrose "liking" and food intake [Supplemental data]. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(38):8637-8649. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1902-05.2005

Article is in a supplement to an issue

Haney, C., & Wiener, R. L. (Eds.). 2004. Capital punishment in the United States [Special issue]. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 10(4).

Newspaper article

Reed, D. (2000, July 26). Top judge gets tough on killers. The West Australian. Retrieved July 26, 2000, from http://www.thewest.com.au/.

Electronic sources

Generally include the same elements, in the same order, as you would for a reference to a fixed-media source and add as much electronic retrieval information as needed for others to locate the sources you cite.

An electronic source may not always contain clear author or publisher details.

The access information will usually be just the URL of the source.

E-Books

Standard format

DOI available

Author, A., and Author, B.(date of original publication). Title of e-book: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher. doi: 10.XXXX/XXXXXXXX.XX

No DOI available

Author, A., and Author, B.(date of original publication). Title of e-book: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher. Retrieved from Source: internet address

Whole book

Eckes, T. (2000). The developmental social psychology of gender. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Retrieved from netLibrary: http://www.netlibrary.com

Article/chapter from an electronic book

Jones, N. A., & Gagnon, C. M. (2007). The neurophysiology of empathy. In T. F. D. Farrow & P. W. R. Woodruff (Eds.), Empathy in mental illness. Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from EBL: http://reader.eblib.com.au

E-Journals

Standard format

DOI available

Article Author, A. A., & Article Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), inclusive page or paragraph numbers. doi:10.XXX/XXXXX.XX

No DOI available

Article Author, A. A., & Article Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), inclusive page or paragraph numbers. Retrieved Month date, Year, from Database name.

Journal article abstract accessed from online database

Lassen, S. R., Steele, M. M. & Sailor, W. (2006). The relationship of school-wide positive behaviour support to academic achievement in an urban middle school. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 701-712. Abstract retrieved from http://www.interscience.wiley.com

Journal article from online full-text database

Journal article from online full-text database with DOI

Vogels, A. G. C., Crone, M. R., Hoekstra, F., & Reijneveld, S.A. (2009). Comparing three short questionnaires to detect psychosocial dysfunction among primary school children: a randomized method. BMC Public Health 9, 489. doi:10.1186/1471-2458- 9-489

Journal article from online full-text database with no DOI

Altobelli, T. (2009). Family violence and parenting: Future directions in practice. Australian Journal of Family Law, 23, 194. Retrieved January 22, 2010, from LexisNexis AU.

Journal article in a scholarly journal (published free of charge on the internet)

Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38–48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/71/100

Journal article in an electronic journal subscription

Fallon, A., & Engel, C. (2008). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The Practising Midwife, 11(9), 1-27. Retrieved from http://www.practisingmidwife.co.uk

Newspaper article from online database

Lampathakis, P. (1997, August 11). Tantrums seen as suicide warning. The West Australian, p. 26. Retrieved from Factiva database.

Newspaper article from the Internet

Sandy, A. (2009, January 22).Cheaper to fly than hire a bike in Brisbane. The Courier Mail. Retrieved from http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/

Internet/Web Sites

Standard format

Author(s) of page – person or organisation, use & for multiple authors. (Year page created or revised). Title of page – italicised. Retrieved from web address. Do not include retrieval date unless the material may change over time (e.g., Wikis).

Professional Internet site/page (corporate or organisational author)

Atherton, J. (2005). Behaviour modification. Retrieved from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/ behaviour_mod.htm

Personal Internet site/page

Reville, L. (2006, September 5). Where to find fundraising ideas [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://nlrp.blogspot.com/

General Internet site/page

Queensland Health. (2009). Sun safety and physical activity. Retrieved from http://access.health.qld.gov.au/hid/SkinHealth/SunSafety/sunSafetyAndPhysicalAct ivity_ap.asp.

Podcasts

Al Zaabi, M. (Producer) & Bjarnesen, T. (Presenter). (2006, November 7). Diabetes in the elderly [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/hn/talks/

Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007), December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/

Other Items

Standard format

Artist, A. A. (Credit), & Artist, B. B. (Credit). (Year of copyright, Date of recording). Title of episode. Title of Programme: Subtitle [format]. Place of recording: Publisher. (Year of recording if different from year of copyright).

Microform

French, L. A. (1986). Cognitive consequences of education: transfer of training in the elderly (Ph.D. thesis - University of Illinois, 1980) [Microform]. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International.

Video recording/film

Smith, S. (Producer). (2009). Excellence in teaching : Lesson planning [DVD]. Plainview, NY : Sunburst Media.

Television Program

Bryant, B. (Writer). (2001, September 12). The Bryant medical hour [Television broadcast]. Sydney, Australia: Public Broadcasting Service.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used in your citations:

Further information

This is not a comprehensive guide. Please refer to the following sources when you require further information or more detailed examples:

Publication manual:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Located on Level 3, BF76.7 .P83 2010 [copies also held in Reserve]

Internet site:

American Psychological Association. (2009). APA Style. Retrieved January 4, 2010, from http://www.apastyle.org

Acknowledgements

Examples used in this guide were taken from:

University of Queensland Library, 2010,

http://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/citation/apa_6.pdf

Murdoch University Library 2010, http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/content.php?pid=63242&sid=466313

Nova Southeastern University 2010, http://nova.campusguides.com/content.php?pid=114919&sid=992685