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the oxford handbook of

BIOETHICS

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the oxford handbook of

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BIOETHICS

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Edited by

B O N N I E S T E I N B O C K

1

1

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in

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Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

Published in the United States

by Oxford University Press Inc., New York

the several contributors 2007

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

Database right Oxford University Press (maker)

First published 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,

or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer

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Data available

Typeset by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain

on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd., King’s Lynn, Norfolk

ISBN 978 – 0 – 19 – 927335 – 5

1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

To Lindy Linder, my first cousin and first best friend

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A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S

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THIS book is the brainchild of Peter Momtchiloff, who asked me to edit it many years ago, and refused to take ‘no’ for an answer. While I remain uncertain as to whether I owe him ‘thanks’ for this, I must acknowledge that the book would not have come into being, but for his persistence. I am grateful to all my contributors, especially those who actually handed in their work on time, or at least within a year of when they said they would get it in. (The delays led to John Arras suggesting that the contributors could be paid, not in cash or Oxford books, but death benefits, or possibly, assisted-living expenses.) I could not have finished this project without the painstaking work of Juliette Stevens. Juliette, you’re wonderful. Thanks also to Darren Anderson for putting the manuscript on disk and putting together the index, saving me a lot of time and my sanity. Finally, I had the good fortune to have the best copy editor in the world: Laurien Berkeley. I am deeply grateful for her careful attention and unfailing good humor.

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C O N T E N T S

 

 

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Notes on the Contributors

xiii

 

Introduction

1

 

BONNIE STEINBOCK

 

 

PA RT I : T H E O R E T I C A L A N D

 

 

M E T H O D O LO G I C A L I S S U E S

 

1.

Methods in Bioethics

15

 

JAMES F. CHILDRESS

 

2.

The Way We Reason Now: Reflective Equilibrium in

 

 

Bioethics

46

 

JOHN D. ARRAS

 

3.

Autonomy

72

 

BRUCE JENNINGS

 

4.

Mental Disorder, Moral Agency, and the Self

90

 

JEANETTE KENNETT

 

5.

‘Reinventing’ the Rule of Double Effect

114

 

DANIEL P. SULMASY

 

 

PA RT I I : J U S T I C E A N D P O L I C Y

 

6.

Policy-Making in Pluralistic Societies

153

 

SØREN HOLM

 

7.

Tiers Without Tears: The Ethics of a Two-Tier Health

 

 

Care System

175

BENJAMIN J. KROHMAL AND EZEKIEL J. EMANUEL

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