18 ESSENTIALS OF KTEA™-3 AND WIAT®-III ASSESSMENT

(Kaufman & Kaufman, 2014b). Pilot testing of new subtests and items was conducted in 2010 and then a national tryout of the full KTEA-3 was conducted in 2011. The KTEA-3 was standardized in the fall of 2012 and the spring of 2013.

Rapid Reference 2.1

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Goals of KTEA-3 Development

•Add subtests to assess reading vocabulary, reading fluency, writing fluency, and math fluency.

•Extend the age range downward, from 4:6 in the KTEA-II to 4:0 in the KTEA-3 by adding content appropriate for young 4-year-olds.

•Extend the administration grade range on several subtests downward to assess children in prekindergarten, kindergarten, and grade 1.

•Simplify the administration rules for Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, and Oral Expression.

•Revise the Oral Expression subtest to provide an engaging item type that is easy to administer and score for the examiner, and that minimizes demands on listening comprehension and working memory for the examinee.

•Incorporate measures of skills that are clinically22222222111111111 sensitive.

CHANGES FROM KTEA-II TO KTEA-3

The Comprehensive Form of the KTEA-II was modified in a number of ways to create the KTEA-3. The age range assessed was increased from 4:6 to 25:11 on the KTEA-II to 4:0 to 25:11 on the KTEA-3. All 14 subtests from the KTEA-II were retained and updated. However, one subtest from the KTEA-II, Naming Facility (RAN), was divided into two separate subtests on the KTEA-3: Object Naming Facility and Letter Naming Facility. New subtests were also added to the KTEA-3 to measure reading vocabulary and fluency, writing fluency, and math fluency. By retaining 14 subtests from the KTEA-II, dividing the Naming Facility subtest into two subtests, and adding four new subtests, the KTEA-3 includes 19 subtests for assessing academic skills and areas related to learning disabilities. Further, the KTEA-3 continues to provide error analysis classification as well as error analysis norms for the same 10 subtests as in the previous edition. The composite structure, however, was substantially revised from the KTEA-II to the KTEA-3. The Don’t Forget box reminds readers of these changes from the KTEA-II to the KTEA-3.

Subtests

The KTEA-3 provides much flexibility for examiners. If only one particular domain of academic functioning is of concern, examiners may choose to administer a single subtest or any combination of subtests in that domain in order to assess an examinee’s

KTEA™-3 19

academic achievement. If multiple domains need to be measured, then all of the age-appropriate subtests can be administered to obtain the desired composite score(s). Succinct descriptions of the KTEA-3 Comprehensive Form subtests are given in Rapid Reference 2.2, which is organized by content area. The age range for each subtest varies, so the table indicates the age range at which each subtest may be administered. Regardless of whether grade or age norms are being used, examiners should use student’s grade level to guide selection of subtests.

Don’t Forget

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Changes From the KTEA-II to the KTEA-3

Increased Age Range

Note: Subtests of the KTEA-II and KTEA-3 are listed in Rapid Reference 2.2.

20 ESSENTIALS OF KTEA™-3 AND WIAT®-III ASSESSMENT

Rapid Reference 2.2

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Brief Description of KTEA-3 Comprehensive Form Subtests

mathematical principles to real-life situations.

(continued)

(continued)

22 ESSENTIALS OF KTEA™-3 AND WIAT®-III ASSESSMENT

(Continued)

Note: Fourteen KTEA-II Comprehensive Form subtests were retained and expanded to create the KTEA-3 and the four new subtests indicated above with an asterisk (Reading Vocabulary, Silent Reading Fluency, Math Fluency, and Writing Fluency) were added for the KTEA-3. In addition, the subtests listed with a double asterisk, Naming Object Facility and Letter Naming Facility, were previously combined in one subtest on the KTEA-II (Naming Facility). Subtest descriptions were adapted from Table 1.3 of the KTEA-3 Administration Manual (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2014c, p. 5).

Generally, scores from the KTEA-II Comprehensive Form correlate very highly with comparable scores from the KTEA-3 Comprehensive Form. For example, in a sample of 92 examinees in grades 2 through111111111 12, the KTEA-II Comprehensive Achievement Composite and the KTEA-3 Academic Skills Battery composite correlated .93. These correlations are quite strong despite the fact that the KTEA-3 Academic Skills Battery composite for that age range has a slightly di erent combination of subtests from the previous edition (i.e., contains Spelling rather than Listening Comprehension).

The three KTEA-3 core composites also correlated very highly with their like-named composites on the KTEA-II Comprehensive. For example, the correlations between the KTEA-3 and KTEA-II Reading, Math, and Written Language Composites were .87, .93, and .87, respectively. Similarly, the like-named reading related composites also correlated highly across both the second and third editions of the test: Sound Symbol (.88), Decoding (.91), and Reading Fluency (.83). The KTEA-II and KTEA-3 correlations on the Oral Language and Oral Fluency Composites were slightly lower (.60 and .64, respectively), which was likely due to the new changes made to the subtests within these composites. Correlations at the subtest level were moderate to high, and generally ranged from the mid-.60s to the low-.90s. However, there were three subtests that displayed lower correlations due to the changes to the subtests across editions (e.g., Oral Expression and Associational Fluency were below .50). KTEA-II Naming Fluency correlated in the mid-.50 to mid-.60 range with the KTEA-3’s new Object Naming Facility and Letter Naming Facility subtests. Rapid Reference 2.3 provides the correlations between KTEA-3 and KTEA-II subtests of the same (or similar) name.

KTEA™-3 23

Rapid Reference 2.3

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Correlations Between KTEA-II and KTEA-3 Comprehensive

Form Subtests of the Same Name

Note: Coefficients are from Table 2.10 of the KTEA-3 Technical & Interpretive Manual (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2014b, p. 61).

DESCRIPTION OF THE KTEA-3

The KTEA-3 Comprehensive Form has 19 subtests that are grouped into three core composites, 10 supplemental composites, and an overall Academic Skills Battery composite. The three core composites are Reading, Mathematics, and Written Language. The 10 Supplemental composites are divided into four Reading-Related composites, two Oral composites, and four Cross-Domain composites. The composition of the KTEA-3 Comprehensive varies slightly according to grade level (or age). For example, the Academic Skills Battery composite includes six subtests for grades 1 through 12 and above, five of the six subtests for kindergarten, and only three of the six subtests for prekindergarten. Figure 2.1 details which subtests contribute the Academic Skills Battery composite and the core composites.

The ages at which core subtests may first be administered vary from Pre-K to grade 1. Three subtests are administered beginning at the Pre-K level: Letter & Word Recognition, Math Concepts & Applications, and Written Expression. Two additional subtests are first administered at the kindergarten level: Math Computation

24 ESSENTIALS OF KTEA™-3 AND WIAT®-III ASSESSMENT

Figure 2.1 Core Composite Structure of the KTEA-3 Comprehensive Form

Source: Adapted from Figure 1.1 of the KTEA-3 Administration Manual (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2014c, p. 14).

and Spelling. Reading Comprehension is first administered at the grade 1 level. From kindergarten on, all three core composites can be obtained.

For children in prekindergarten (Pre-K is defined as children who have not yet begun kindergarten), the KTEA-3 Comprehensive yields only one Core composite: Reading. Although no Math or Written Language Core composites are calculated at the Pre-K level, the Math Concepts & Applications subtest and the Written Expression subtest are available for children in Pre-K. In addition, four Supplemental Composites can be calculated for the Pre-K level: Oral Language, Oral Fluency, Comprehension, and Expression. Nine subtests can be administered to examinees at the Pre-K level.

For kindergarteners, the KTEA-3 Comprehensive yields three Core composites: Reading, Math, and Written Language. Four Supplemental composites can also be calculated: Oral Language, Oral Fluency, Comprehension, and Expression. Twelve subtests can be administered to examinees at the kindergarten level.

For examinees in grades 1 through 12 and above, the three aforementioned Core composites are calculated based upon scores yielded from six subtests. From grades 1 to 12+, eight of the Supplemental composites are available; however, two of the composites, Reading Fluency and Academic Fluency, are available only for grades 3