2024-the-history-and-principles-of-mammalogy

The History and Principles of Mammalogy

1.15i Dr John Napier (1917–1987) was a leading British authority on

a.marsupials

b.equids

c.felids

d.primates

1.16i Raymond Dart, Mark Leakey and Eugène Dubois were all famous for their work on the fossil history of

a.elephants

b.humans

c.marsupials

d.ungulates

1.17i Whichofthefollowingisanewspeciesofbovidwhoseremains were found in 1992 prior to a live specimen being recorded in 2010?

a.Lesula

b.Saola

c.Kipunji

d.Khanyou

1.18i The scientific name Puma concolor was proposed for the cougarbytheScottishnaturalistWilliamJardinein1834because of the absence of any living near relatives. The original name assigned to this species by Linnaeus was

a.Panthera concolor

b.Profelis concolor

c.Felis concolor

d.Acinonyx concolor

1.19i Which American zoologist is considered by many scholars to have been the ‘academic father of mammalogy’?

a.Joseph Grinnell

b.Maureen Downey

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The History and Principles of Mammalogy

c.Alberta Seaton

d.Elliott Coues

1.20i Thewingofabat,pectoralfin ofadugongandtheforelimbofa mole are homologous structures built on the same basic plan. In1843,whodefinedhomologuesinzoologyas‘thesameorgan in different animals under every variety of form and function’?

a.Richard Owen

b.Charles Darwin

c.Mary Anning

d.Alfred Russel Wallace

Advanced

1.1a Eadweard Muybridge conducted pioneering work on the gait of mammals in the last quarter of the nineteenth century (Fig. 1.3). He was

a.an anatomist

b.a zoologist

c.a physicist

d.a photographer

Fig. 1.3.

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The History and Principles of Mammalogy

1.2a Which American zoologist and palaeontologist published

ThePrinciplesofClassificationandaClassificationofMammals in 1945?

a.Elizabeth Adams

b.George Gaylord Simpson

c.Olive Griffth Stull

d.Benjamin Preston Clark

1.3a The official journal of the American Society of Mammalogists is the

a.Mammalian Biology

b.Mammal Notes

c.Journal of Mammalogy

d.Mammal Research

1.4a Which of the following species was ‘discovered’ or identified as a new species by western explorers or naturalists first?

a.Bonobo (Pan paniscus)

b.Pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis)

c.Okapi (Okapia johnstoni)

d.Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

1.5a In the early twentieth century a clash developed over research and scientific ethics between factions within the

American Society of Mammalogists over

a.the predator control practices of the Biological Survey

b.the specimen collecting policy of the Smithsonian

c.the focus of American universities on the study of large mammals

d.the lack of serious interest in conservation exhibited by some members

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The History and Principles of Mammalogy

1.6a Who published The Age of Mammals in Asia, Europe and North America in 1910?

a.Henry Fairfeld Osborn

b.Roy Chapman Andrews

c.George Gaylord Simpson

d.Lee R. Dice

1.7a Which of the following was not a well-known American mammalogist?

a.Joseph Grinnell

b.Vernon Orlando Bailey

c.Leonard Harrison Matthews

d.Edward William Nelson

1.8a The fossil of Piltdown Man that was ‘found’ by the amateur archaeologist Charles Dawson in 1912 was thought to have been the ‘missing link’ between early apes and humans but was a fake consisting of

a.the cranium of a young gorilla and a human jaw and teeth

b.the mandible and teeth of a chimpanzee and the maxilla of a human

c.the teeth of a gorilla and the maxilla of an orangutan

d.the mandible and teeth of an orangutan and a human cranium

1.9a Match the book titles below with their authors (Table 1.2)

Table 1.2

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The History and Principles of Mammalogy

a.A

b.B

c.C

d.D

1.10a Which of the following divided the animals we now call mammals into the viviparous quadrupeds, cetaceans and humans?

a.Galen

b.Aristotle

c.Lamarck

d.Hippocrates

1.11a TheAmericanmammalogistWilliamHenryBurt(1903–1987) is best known for making important contributions to our understanding of the concepts of

a.interspecifc competition in mammals

b.the taxonomy and distribution of mammals

c.home range and territoriality in mammals

d.life history traits and the ecology of mammals

1.12a Who published a monograph entitled General Report on North American Mammals in 1859 in which more than 730 species of mammals were described, many of which were discovered in railroad surveys searching for the best route westward to the Pacific Ocean?

a.Edgar Alexander Mearns

b.Spencer Fullerton Baird

c.Thomas Say

d.Major Stephen Long

1.13a Who is considered to be an expert in the evolutionary basis of female behaviour in humans and nonhuman primates?

a.Sarah Hrdy

b.Jane Goodall

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The History and Principles of Mammalogy

c.Dian Fossey

d.Biruté Galdikas

1.14a Mammals have more complex brains than other vertebrates and primates have the most complex brains of all (Fig. 1.4). What is the name of the hypothesis that predicts that species with relatively large neocortices should exhibit more complex social strategies than species with smaller neocortices?

Fig. 1.4.

a.Social Brain Hypothesis

b.Social Neocortex Hypothesis

c.Strategic Brain Hypothesis

d.Social Mind Hypothesis

1.15a The Societas Europea Mammalogica was founded in

a.1888

b.1908

c.1958

d.1988

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The History and Principles of Mammalogy

1.16a The Australian Mammal Society was founded in

a.1948

b.1958

c.1968

d.1978

1.17a In which year was the Atlas of European Mammals published?

a.1977

b.1988

c.1999

d.2009

1.18a Match the name of each of the mammal societies in Table 1.3 with the date it was founded.

Table 1.3

a.A

b.B

c.C

d.D

1.19a The Grinnell Method is

a.a detailed protocol for recording observations in the feld using a feld notebook, a feld journal, a species account and a catalogue of specimens.

b.a technique used in taxidermy for mounting and preserving mammals so that they adopt a naturalistic pose

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The History and Principles of Mammalogy

c.a method of constructing an ethogram used to describe and record the behaviour of mammals in the feld

d.a method of locating wild mammals using radio tracking equipment

1.20a Whopublished Histoire Naturelle des Orang-Outangs in 1795?

a.Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Pierre Belon

b.Georges Cuvier and Etienne Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire

c.Richard Owen and Erasmus Darwin

d.Konrad Gessner and Leonhart Fuchs

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