1курс / 1 сем / вычислительная техника Бабедрин / книги по ВТ / Схемотехника_радиотехнических_устройств

ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ± ɞȻɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ ɤȽɰ ɞɨ ɆȽɰ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨ ɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɝɚɛɚɪɢɬ ɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ

ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ

ɧɨɣ ɑɆɧ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɎɆɧ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ȺɎɆɧ

ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ ȺɆɧ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜ

ɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨ

ɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟ

ɧɢɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɤ ɩɨ

ɦɟɯɟ Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɞɨɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ

ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɧɚ

ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɚ

ɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɪɯɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ

ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Ɉɍ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨ

ɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɨ

ɝɨɜɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɉɍ ± ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ

ɫɵɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɚɬɨɪ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɚ ɛ

ɉɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɛɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɤɫɢ

ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ

ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ

ȼɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ȼɑ ɋɍ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚɯ

ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ ɢɦɟɸ

ɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ

Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭ ɬɨɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɎɉɑɢɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜȼɑɉɎɜɤɥɸ ɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɛ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɧɢɤɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ

Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚ ± ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɛ ± ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɹ

ɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ

ɐɋɉ ɝɞɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɵɥɨɤ ɷɮ

ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ± ɪɢɫ

Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɨɪ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɋɑ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ

ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫɦɟɳɺɧ

ɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɚɡɟ ɧɚ ʌ

Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɩɬɢ

ɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɤɨɝɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɮɚɡɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧ

ɧɵɟ ɜ ɍɇɑ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚ

ɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɐɋɉ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɨɛ

ɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ȼɵ

ɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ

ɐȺɉ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ Ɉɍ ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɐɋɉ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɤɨɞɟɪɵɲɢɧɵɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜɛɥɨɤɢ Ⱥɐɉ ɐȺɉ ɒɂɆ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧ ɬɟɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɋɑ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɣ

ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ȼɐ ɍɊɑ ɍɇɑ ɇɚ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧ

ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜɢɞ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɢɝ

ɧɚɥɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɬ ɞ

1.10.4. ɉɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ [38]

ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɭ ɡɜɨɧɨɤ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ȼ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤ ɬɭɸɳɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɩɨ ɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹɫɯɟɦɚɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨɜɫɬɚɧɞɚɪ ɬɟGSM,ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ

Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɱɚ

ɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɚɯ

Ⱥɧɬɟɧɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɣ

Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɭ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ

ɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɟ

ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɞɪɚɗɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɢ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɡɚɪɹɞɤɢ

ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶ

ɬɪɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ɇɒɍ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ

ɜɯɨɞ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ Iɩɪɦ ɫ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɋɢɝɧɚɥɩɟɪɜɨɣɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɨɬɵIɩɪɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ ɉȺȼ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɢ ɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɍɉɑ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ Iɝ ɫ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ Iɩɪ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɍɉɑ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ Ⱥɐɉ ɝɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ &38

ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ

ɧɵɣ &38 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ , 4 ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭ

ɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɨɬɨ

ɪɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ Iɮɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ Iɫ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨ

ɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɆ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɫ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɶɸ &38 ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ

Ɋɢɫɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚGSM

ɐɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ &38,ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɆȿɆ, ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɚɥɚɣɡɟɪɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɪɚ ɞɟɤɨɞɟɪɚ 6,0-ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ Ⱥɐɉ ɢ ɐȺɉ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɨɞɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ ɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɫ 6,0-ɤɚɪɬɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ *60 ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ

ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɝɚɭɫɫɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɦ

ɫɞɜɢɝɨɦ *06.

Ɇɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɬɵ ɞɨ ɦɨ

ɞɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ȽɎ ɫ ɝɚɭɫɫɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɑɏ

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɛɢɬɭ ɮɚɡɚ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ *06.-ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ , 4 ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɬɨɪɚ

Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɹɭɡɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ

ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ

ɞɟɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢ

ɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢ ɛɢ

ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɩɨ

ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ

ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ

ɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɭɡɥɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɰɟɥɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ > @

1.10.5. Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ [38]

Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ

ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɊɅɋ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɚɛɨ ɬɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ Ɋɚɡɥɢ ɱɚɸɬ ɊɅɋ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɰɟɥɢ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɵɈɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɹȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɨɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɩɪɨ ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚ ɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɊɅɋ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ± ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɊɅɋ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ

ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ

ɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɲɭɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢ

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɭɞɨɪɨɠɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ

ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɚɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢ ɬɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɜɯɨ

ɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɊɅɋ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ

ɧɚ ɪɢɫ

Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɉ ± ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤ ȾɆ ± ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɚɡɪ ± ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɢɤ ɍɊɑ ± ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɋɦ ± ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɍɉɑ ± ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ȺȾ ± ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ȼɍ ± ɜɢɞɟɨɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ Ƚ ± ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧ ɑȾ ± ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪ Ɋɑ ± ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ

Ɍɪɚɤɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɢɤɚɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɢɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ȼ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɋɦɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧ ɭɫɢɥɢ-

ɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɍɉɑ ɢɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɞɥɢ

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɚɫɢ-

ɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ȻȺɊɍ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɞɥɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɇɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɤɨɦ ɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɋɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨ ɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɍɉɑɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɢɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɱɚ ɫɬɨɬɵ ȼ ɜɢɞɟɨɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜɢɞɟɨɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɥɨ-

ɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɉɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɅɋ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜ

ɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ȼ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧ

ɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ

ɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɧɟ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɜɵɛɢ ɪɚɸɬɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ

ɉɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɆȽɰ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ

ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɢɞɟɨɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ

ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬ ɞɥɢ

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ

ɜɨɫɬɶ ɍɉɑ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ

ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ⱥɉɑɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ ,

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɢɧɢɢ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɜɹɡɢ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ ©ɇɌȼ ɉɥɸɫª

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ

ɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ *60

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ *36 ɢ ȽɅɈɇȺɋɋ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ :L )L

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ %OXHWRRWK

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚ

ɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ

ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ

Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ" Ʉɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ

ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ"

ȼ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ"

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ

ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ©ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɚª ɜ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ" ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ «ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭª ɜ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ" ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨ

ɞɢɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ"

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ

ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ

ɉɢɫɶɦɨ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ

Ⱦɨɪɨɝɚɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɹ! Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɉɦɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:

«ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɭɩɪɟɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɞɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɤ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ».

Ʉɨɩɟɧɝɚɝɟɧ

Ⱥ Ɇ Ȼ Ɋɨɡɟɧ

ɂɡ ɤɧɢɝɢ ©ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɲɭɬɹɬª

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ ,, ɋɏȿɆɈɌȿɏɇɂɄȺ ɊȺȾɂɈɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɍɋɌɊɈɃɋɌȼ

ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɕȿ ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅɂ ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ ɉɈɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə

Ɍɟɦɚ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ> @

ɑɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ

ɑɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ±ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɥɚɛɵɟɫɢɝ ɧɚɥɵ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɟ ɗȾɋ ȿɚ ɦɤȼ ± ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɞɨ ɍȼɑ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ Ɋɚ ɦɤȼɬ ± ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɨɬ ɋȼɑ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟ ɪɟɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ʉɪɢɬɟ ɪɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɉɪɢ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɲɭɦ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ± ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ

Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚɉɨɦɟɯɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɭ

ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ

ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɗȾɋ ɜ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɟ (ɚ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɬɪɚɤɬɚ .

˅˞˘ ˃

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɪɢɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ8ɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɬɪɟɛɭɟ ɦɨɣ ɗȾɋ ɜ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫ

ɊɢɫɁɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɚɦɢ

ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝ ± ɷɬɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɩɨ

ɦɟɯɚɦɢ ± ɲɭɦɚɦɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɢɫ

ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ɋɉɍ ɩɥɚɧɟɬ ɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɋɚ ±ȼɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɋȼɑ ɝɞɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɦɚɥ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɧɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɲɭɦɵ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜɲɭɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɪɨɛɨɜɵɟ ɲɭɦɵ ± ɲɭɦɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɥɭɤ

ɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɲɭɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟ

ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɲɭɦɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɪɨ

ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɲɭɦɵ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɲɭɦɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ

ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɢ ɲɭɦɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɲɭɦɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ

ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɝ ± ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɯɚɦɢ

ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ɋɉɍ ɞɟɤɚɦɟɬɪɨ ɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɫ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȿɚ ɦɤȼ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɯɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɋɪɟɞɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟɨɞ

ɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ

ɦɧɨɝɨɥɭɱɟɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɡɦɟ

ɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɥɧ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɡɚɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɚ

ɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɬ ɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ

ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ± ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚ

ɥɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɝɞɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝ

ɧɚɥɚ ± ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɦɟɯɢ±ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟɲɭɦɵɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɲɭɦɵ

ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ± ɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɟ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ± ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɵ

ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ± ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ ɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɉɨɦɟɯɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ± ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɨɦɟɯ ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɭɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɤɨɞɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ȼɧɟɤɚɧɚɥɶ ɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɭɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɢ

ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɜɨɥɶ

ɬɚɯ ɢ ɜɚɬɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ± ɞȻɦ ± ɱɭɜ

ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦȼɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɚɩ

ɬɟɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ E ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ Ʌȼɋ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ

ɫɬɢ Ɇɛɢɬ ɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɹ ± ɞȻɦ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɵɫɨ

ɤɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɨɞɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ

ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ

Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚ ɢ ɲɭɦɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ

2.2.1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɲɭɦɚ

ȿɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɲɭɦɚ

ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɲɭɦɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɭɦɚ Ɋɲɜɵɯɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɨɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚɤɱɚɫɬɢɷɬɨɣɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɊɲɜɵɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ